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R&D Expenditure and Government Budget

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Expenditure in research and development activities (R&D) as a % of GDP: by sector of performance - Europe

Indicator

EU28

2015

Pro2.03

Portugal

2015

Pro1.28

EU28

1995

(no values)

Portugal

1995

0.52

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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | NSI, Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA

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Ratio - %

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Groups/Countries	Performance sectors
Groups/Countries	Total		Business enterprise sector		Government sector		Higher education sector		Private non-profit sector
Years	1995	2015	1995	2015	1995	2015	1995	2015	1995	2015
European Union (28 countries)	-	Pro2.03	-	Pro1.30	-	Pro0.24	-	Pro0.47	-	Pro0.02
Austria	s1.53	Pro3.07	-	Pro2.18	-	Pro0.14	-	Pro0.75	-	Pro0.01
Belgium	1.64	Pro2.46	1.17	Pro1.77	0.08	Pro0.19	0.37	Pro0.49	0.02	Pro0.01
Bulgaria	0.56	Pro0.96	0.28	Pro0.70	0.24	Pro0.20	0.05	Pro0.05	-	Pro0.01
Croatia	-	0.85	-	0.44	-	0.21	-	0.21	-	-
Cyprus	-	Pro0.46	-	Pro0.08	-	Pro0.06	-	Pro0.24	-	Pro0.07
Czech Republic	┴0.88	Pro1.95	┴0.58	Pro1.06	┴0.23	Pro0.40	┴0.08	Pro0.48	-	Pro0.01
Denmark	1.79	s2.96	1.03	s1.83	0.30	s0.07	0.44	s1.05	0.02	s0.01
Estonia	-	Pro1.50	-	Pro0.69	0.41	Pro0.16	0.16	Pro0.62	-	Pro0.03
Finland	2.20	2.90	1.39	1.93	0.37	0.24	0.43	0.71	0.01	0.02
France	2.23	Pro2.23	1.36	Pro1.45	0.47	Pro0.29	0.37	Pro0.45	0.03	Pro0.03
Germany	s2.13	Pro2.87	1.41	s1.95	0.33	Pro0.43	0.39	Pro0.50	-	-
Greece	┴0.42	Pro0.96	0.12	Pro0.32	0.11	Pro0.26	┴0.18	Pro0.37	0.00	Pro0.01
Hungary	0.71	1.38	0.31	1.01	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.17	-	-
Ireland	s1.22	-	0.86	-	0.11	0.05	s0.25	s0.28	s0.01	-
Italy	0.94	Pro1.33	0.50	Pro0.74	0.20	Pro0.18	0.24	Pro0.38	-	Pro0.04
Latvia	0.43	Pro0.62	0.12	Pro0.15	0.20	Pro0.16	0.11	Pro0.31	-	-
Lithuania	0.43	Pro1.04	-	Pro0.28	-	0.18	-	0.58	-	-
Luxembourg	-	Pro1.28	-	Pro0.65	-	Pro0.40	-	Pro0.23	-	-
Malta	-	Pro0.73	-	Pro0.35	-	Pro0.13	-	Pro0.25	-	Pro0.00
Netherlands	1.85	Pro2.01	0.96	Pro1.12	0.33	Pro0.25	0.53	Pro0.65	0.02	-
Poland	┴0.62	1.00	┴0.24	0.47	┴0.22	0.24	0.16	0.29	0.00	0.00
Portugal	0.52	Pro1.28	┴0.11	Pro0.60	0.14	Pro0.08	┴0.19	Pro0.58	┴0.08	Pro0.02
Romania	┴0.75	Pro0.49	┴0.58	Pro0.22	┴0.15	Pro0.19	┴0.02	Pro0.09	-	Pro0.00
Slovakia	0.91	1.18	0.49	0.33	0.36	0.33	0.05	0.52	0.00	0.00
Slovenia	s1.49	Pro2.21	0.70	Pro1.69	0.38	Pro0.30	s0.41	Pro0.23	0.01	Pro0.00
Spain	0.77	Pro1.22	0.37	Pro0.64	0.14	Pro0.23	0.25	Pro0.34	0.01	Pro0.00
Sweden	┴s3.13	Pro3.26	┴s2.34	Pro2.27	0.12	0.11	┴0.68	0.88	┴0.00	Pro0.01
United Kingdom	1.68	Pro1.70	1.09	Pro1.12	0.24	Pro0.12	0.32	Pro0.44	0.02	Pro0.03
Iceland	1.53	2.19	0.49	1.42	0.57	0.11	0.42	0.67	0.05	-
United States of America	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Sources/Entities: Eurostat | NSI, Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2017-05-11

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