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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe

Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe

Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%)

Year

Indicator

EU27 (2020)

2018

(no values)

Portugal

2018

52.9

EU27 (2020)

2004

(no values)

Portugal

2004

48.2

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Proportion - %

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Groups/Countries	PhDs - females as a % of total
Years	2004	2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)	x	x
Austria	40.5	44.0
Belgium	33.9	43.9
Bulgaria	50.8	53.1
Croatia	42.0	53.9
Cyprus	61.5	49.2
Czech Republic	35.6	43.7
Denmark	35.9	48.9
Estonia	62.2	48.4
Finland	45.5	52.0
France	x	43.9
Germany	39.0	45.2
Greece	38.1	47.4
Hungary	42.9	46.2
Ireland	45.7	51.0
Italy	51.5	x
Latvia	58.3	54.5
Lithuania	57.5	57.9
Luxembourg	x	x
Malta	x	50.9
Netherlands	39.4	48.1
Poland	46.9	56.2
Portugal	48.2	52.9
Romania	49.3	53.2
Slovakia	45.0	49.1
Slovenia	40.6	x
Spain	47.5	52.6
Sweden	44.8	47.9
United Kingdom	43.1	46.6
Iceland	50.0	x
Norway	39.8	x
Switzerland	38.2	x

Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-05-20

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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe

Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe