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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%)
Year
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
Indicator
PhDs - females as a % of total
EU27 (2020)
2018
48.1
%
Portugal
2018
52.9
%
EU27 (2020)
2004
(no values)
Portugal
2004
48.2
%
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
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Groups/Countries
PhDs - females as a % of total
Years
2004
2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
48.1
Germany
39.0
45.2
Austria
40.5
44.0
Belgium
33.9
43.9
Bulgaria
50.8
53.1
Cyprus
61.5
49.2
Croatia
42.0
53.9
Denmark
35.9
48.9
Slovakia
45.0
49.1
Slovenia
40.6
54.0
Spain
47.5
52.6
Estonia
62.2
48.4
Finland
45.5
52.0
France
x
43.9
Greece
38.1
47.4
Hungary
42.9
46.2
Ireland
45.7
51.0
Italy
51.5
50.5
Latvia
58.3
54.5
Lithuania
57.5
57.9
Luxembourg
x
35.6
Malta
x
50.9
Netherlands
39.4
48.1
Poland
46.9
56.2
Portugal
48.2
52.9
Czech Republic
35.6
43.7
Romania
49.3
53.2
Sweden
44.8
47.9
Iceland
50.0
59.0
Norway
39.8
50.4
United Kingdom
43.1
46.6
Switzerland
38.2
44.8
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-09-11
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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
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