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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe

Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe

Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%)

Year

Indicator

EU27 (2020)

2018

48.1

Portugal

2018

52.9

EU27 (2020)

2004

(no values)

Portugal

2004

48.2

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Proportion - %

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Groups/Countries	PhDs - females as a % of total
Years	2004	2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)	x	48.1
Austria	40.5	44.0
Belgium	33.9	43.9
Bulgaria	50.8	53.1
Croatia	42.0	53.9
Cyprus	61.5	49.2
Czech Republic	35.6	43.7
Denmark	35.9	48.9
Estonia	62.2	48.4
Finland	45.5	52.0
France	x	43.9
Germany	39.0	45.2
Greece	38.1	47.4
Hungary	42.9	46.2
Ireland	45.7	51.0
Italy	51.5	50.5
Latvia	58.3	54.5
Lithuania	57.5	57.9
Luxembourg	x	35.6
Malta	x	50.9
Netherlands	39.4	48.1
Poland	46.9	56.2
Portugal	48.2	52.9
Romania	49.3	53.2
Slovakia	45.0	49.1
Slovenia	40.6	54.0
Spain	47.5	52.6
Sweden	44.8	47.9
United Kingdom	43.1	46.6
Iceland	50.0	59.0
Norway	39.8	50.4
Switzerland	38.2	44.8

Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-09-11

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PhDs (ISCED 8) per 100 thousand inhabitants aged 25 and over in Europe

Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe