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Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%) in Europe

R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females in Europe

Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%)

Year

Indicator

EU28

2016

(no values)

Portugal

2016

58.7

EU28

1998

(no values)

Portugal

1998

63.8

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Proportion - %

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Groups/Countries	Higher education - females as a % of total
Years	1998	2016
European Union (28 countries)	x	x
Austria	45.8	54.9
Belgium	x	59.6
Bulgaria	66.0	61.2
Croatia	x	59.8
Cyprus	x	64.5
Czech Republic	50.5	61.5
Denmark	56.3	56.4
Estonia	64.8	64.0
Finland	61.2	59.3
France	55.5	56.1
Germany	48.1	50.7
Greece	N	59.4
Hungary	57.3	61.3
Ireland	53.0	51.9
Italy	56.3	58.5
Latvia	63.9	65.6
Lithuania	62.2	62.4
Luxembourg	58.2	51.8
Malta	53.7	59.2
Netherlands	52.1	56.0
Poland	58.5	65.7
Portugal	63.8	58.7
Romania	53.2	58.5
Slovakia	56.7	63.1
Slovenia	56.6	59.5
Spain	57.6	55.9
Sweden	58.5	62.3
United Kingdom	53.2	57.2
Iceland	56.9	65.9
Norway	61.1	58.9
Switzerland	x	48.9
Japan	50.4	x
United States of America	55.9	x

Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-06-26

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Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%) in Europe

R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females in Europe