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Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%) in Europe

R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females in Europe

Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%)

Year

Indicator

EU27 (2020)

2018

(no values)

Portugal

2018

58.2

EU27 (2020)

1998

(no values)

Portugal

1998

63.8

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Proportion - %

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Groups/Countries	Higher education - females as a % of total
Years	1998	2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)	x	x
Austria	45.8	54.2
Belgium	x	59.5
Bulgaria	66.0	60.2
Croatia	x	60.5
Cyprus	x	61.2
Czech Republic	50.5	60.9
Denmark	56.3	56.0
Estonia	64.8	62.9
Finland	61.2	59.9
France	55.5	56.2
Germany	48.1	51.4
Greece	N	59.1
Hungary	57.3	60.4
Ireland	53.0	54.6
Italy	56.3	x
Latvia	63.9	64.9
Lithuania	62.2	62.0
Luxembourg	58.2	x
Malta	53.7	55.7
Netherlands	52.1	56.2
Poland	58.5	65.9
Portugal	63.8	58.2
Romania	53.2	59.1
Slovakia	56.7	62.1
Slovenia	56.6	x
Spain	57.6	56.4
Sweden	58.5	62.6
United Kingdom	53.2	57.9
Iceland	56.9	x
Norway	61.1	x
Switzerland	x	x

Sources/Entities: Eurostat | UNESCO-UIS | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-05-20

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Females in total of PhDs (ISCED 8) (%) in Europe

R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females in Europe