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EUROPE
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Patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) and concessions by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) per 100 thousand inhabitants in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Patent applications to the European Patents Organisation (EPO) made by the enterprises sector, Higher Education and independent individuals (%)
Year
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
Indicator
% patent applications by the enterprises sector
% patent applications by the higher education sector
% patent applications by individuals
EU27 (2020)
2012
(no values)
Portugal
2012
Pro
90.7
%
EU27 (2020)
1977
(no values)
Portugal
1977
(no values)
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | EPO, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
see full table
Groups/Countries
% patent applications by the enterprises sector
% patent applications by the higher education sector
% patent applications by individuals
Years
1977
2012
1977
2012
1977
2012
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Germany
89.0
Pro
89.3
-
Pro
1.7
7.5
Pro
5.8
Austria
64.1
Pro
83.5
-
Pro
2.6
13.0
Pro
12.6
Belgium
83.6
Pro
78.8
-
Pro
12.3
16.0
Pro
4.4
Bulgaria
x
Pro
100.0
x
-
x
-
Cyprus
x
-
x
-
x
Pro
100.0
Croatia
x
Pro
74.1
x
-
x
Pro
17.2
Denmark
39.4
Pro
96.4
-
Pro
0.7
56.5
Pro
1.6
Slovakia
x
Pro
86.7
x
Pro
1.1
x
Pro
10.1
Slovenia
x
Pro
58.4
x
Pro
8.3
x
Pro
20.2
Spain
100.0
Pro
81.0
-
Pro
2.6
-
Pro
10.6
Estonia
x
Pro
38.9
x
Pro
7.8
x
-
Finland
71.4
Pro
91.9
-
Pro
0.1
-
Pro
4.2
France
75.1
Pro
80.7
-
Pro
1.3
15.0
Pro
3.7
Greece
-
Pro
48.5
-
Pro
3.7
100.0
Pro
40.5
Hungary
66.7
Pro
81.9
-
-
-
Pro
8.3
Ireland
-
Pro
79.2
-
Pro
10.8
100.0
Pro
8.2
Italy
66.5
Pro
87.9
-
Pro
0.7
20.1
Pro
9.4
Latvia
x
Pro
23.1
x
Pro
35.6
x
Pro
11.5
Lithuania
x
Pro
31.2
x
Pro
10.3
x
Pro
20.6
Luxembourg
25.0
Pro
88.5
-
-
75.0
Pro
8.6
Malta
x
Pro
71.4
x
-
x
Pro
28.6
Netherlands
92.1
Pro
82.2
-
Pro
2.8
6.3
Pro
4.5
Poland
x
Pro
56.0
x
Pro
8.7
x
Pro
12.4
Portugal
-
Pro
90.7
-
Pro
4.8
-
Pro
3.9
Czech Republic
x
Pro
69.0
x
Pro
12.2
x
Pro
14.0
Romania
x
Pro
77.1
x
Pro
11.4
x
Pro
11.4
Sweden
57.3
Pro
92.3
-
Pro
0.2
41.0
Pro
3.0
Iceland
x
-
x
-
x
Pro
20.0
Norway
55.6
Pro
97.5
-
Pro
0.2
22.2
Pro
1.2
United Kingdom
81.0
Pro
93.8
0.3
Pro
0.5
7.7
Pro
5.3
Switzerland
80.4
Pro
88.9
-
Pro
3.1
16.3
Pro
5.9
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | EPO, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-03-10
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Related
Patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) and concessions by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) per 100 thousand inhabitants in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
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