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Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
Female graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8): total and by field of education in Europe
R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females
Year
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Indicator
Total R&D total personnel
Females
Total R&D researchers
Females
EU28
2016
Pro
2,914,312
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2016
Pro
50,912
Full-time Equival...
EU28
2000
(no values)
Portugal
2000
s
21,888
Full-time Equival...
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
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Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel
R&D researchers
Total
Females
Total
Females
Years
2000
2016
2000
2016
2000
2016
2000
2016
European Union (28 countries)
x
Pro
2,914,312
x
x
x
Pro
1,869,446
x
x
Austria
x
Pro
73,643
x
x
x
Pro
44,933
x
x
Belgium
53,391
Pro
79,766
14,692
x
30,540
Pro
53,771
7,786
x
Bulgaria
15,259
Pro
25,033
8,106
x
9,479
Pro
15,990
4,354
x
Croatia
x
Pro
10,697
x
x
x
Pro
7,182
x
x
Cyprus
680
Pro
1,260
247
x
303
Pro
855
91
x
Czech Republic
24,198
Pro
65,783
8,036
x
13,852
Pro
37,338
3,551
x
Denmark
37,693
s
60,290
x
x
x
s
42,923
x
x
Estonia
3,710
5,771
1,815
x
2,666
4,338
1,109
x
Finland
52,604
47,429
x
x
x
35,908
x
x
France
327,466
x
x
x
172,070
x
x
x
Germany
484,734
s
656,727
x
x
257,874
s
400,821
x
x
Greece
x
Pro
41,170
x
x
x
Pro
29,070
x
x
Hungary
23,534
35,757
x
x
14,406
25,804
x
x
Ireland
12,762
s
36,087
x
x
8,516
s
26,293
x
x
Italy
150,066
Pro
258,585
x
x
66,110
Pro
126,674
x
x
Latvia
5,449
5,120
2,803
x
3,814
3,152
1,880
x
Lithuania
11,791
Pro
10,697
5,772
x
7,777
Pro
8,375
3,388
x
Luxembourg
3,663
Pro
5,196
x
x
1,646
Pro
2,505
x
x
Malta
x
Pro
1,430
10
x
x
Pro
829
x
x
Netherlands
91,313
Pro
133,214
x
x
42,194
Pro
82,264
x
x
Poland
78,925
x
54,326
x
55,174
x
33,572
x
Portugal
s
21,888
Pro
50,912
x
x
s
16,738
Pro
40,746
s
7,437
x
Romania
33,892
32,232
15,808
x
20,476
18,046
8,785
x
Slovakia
15,221
17,768
6,823
x
9,955
14,149
3,867
x
Slovenia
8,568
Pro
14,357
3,368
x
4,336
Pro
8,102
1,525
x
Spain
120,618
Pro
205,980
x
x
76,670
Pro
126,051
x
x
Sweden
x
Pro
90,690
x
x
x
Pro
70,372
x
x
United Kingdom
s
288,599
Pro
419,898
x
x
s
170,554
Pro
291,416
x
x
Iceland
s
2,646
3,247
x
x
x
2,206
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2017-11-27
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Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
Female graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8): total and by field of education in Europe
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