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Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
Female graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8): total and by field of education in Europe
R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females
Year
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Indicator
Total R&D total personnel
Total R&D researchers
Females
Females
EU27 (2020)
2019
Pro
2,912,876
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2019
Pro
62,517
Full-time Equival...
EU27 (2020)
2000
s
1,725,105
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2000
s
21,888
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
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Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel
R&D researchers
Total
Total
Females
Females
Years
2000
2019
2000
2019
2000
2019
2000
2019
European Union 27 (since 2020)
s
1,725,105
Pro
2,912,876
s
959,367
Pro
1,846,371
x
-
x
-
Germany
484,734
s
733,007
257,874
s
449,043
x
-
x
-
Austria
x
Pro
84,060
x
Pro
52,554
x
-
x
-
Belgium
53,391
Pro
96,158
30,540
Pro
62,606
14,692
-
7,786
-
Bulgaria
15,259
Pro
26,399
9,479
Pro
16,940
8,106
-
4,354
-
Cyprus
680
Pro
1,870
303
Pro
1,255
247
-
91
-
Croatia
x
Pro
14,492
x
Pro
8,820
x
-
x
-
Denmark
37,693
Pro
60,638
x
Pro
42,378
x
-
x
-
Slovakia
15,221
21,196
9,955
16,977
6,823
-
3,867
-
Slovenia
8,568
Pro
16,984
4,336
Pro
10,502
3,368
-
1,525
-
Spain
120,618
Pro
216,890
76,670
Pro
135,331
x
-
x
-
Estonia
3,710
Pro
6,448
2,666
Pro
4,992
1,815
-
1,109
-
Finland
52,604
51,494
x
39,984
x
-
x
-
France
327,466
s
463,738
172,070
s
314,101
x
-
x
-
Greece
x
Pro
54,833
x
Pro
40,084
x
-
x
-
Hungary
23,534
56,943
14,406
39,295
x
-
x
-
Ireland
12,762
37,310
8,516
25,906
x
-
x
-
Italy
150,066
Pro
355,362
66,110
Pro
160,623
x
-
x
-
Latvia
5,449
Pro
5,923
3,814
Pro
3,632
2,803
-
1,880
-
Lithuania
11,791
Pro
12,941
7,777
Pro
9,584
5,772
-
3,388
-
Luxembourg
3,663
Pro
5,892
1,646
Pro
3,158
x
-
x
-
Malta
x
Pro
1,612
x
Pro
961
10
-
x
-
Netherlands
91,313
Pro
160,234
42,194
Pro
99,096
x
-
x
-
Poland
78,925
Pro
163,985
55,174
Pro
120,759
54,326
-
33,572
-
Portugal
s
21,888
Pro
62,517
s
16,738
Pro
50,431
x
-
s
7,437
-
Czech Republic
24,198
Pro
79,245
13,852
Pro
42,500
8,036
-
3,551
-
Romania
33,892
31,665
20,476
17,350
15,808
-
8,785
-
Sweden
x
Pro
91,041
x
Pro
77,509
x
-
x
-
Iceland
s
2,646
x
x
x
x
-
x
-
United Kingdom
s
288,599
Pro
486,088
s
170,554
Pro
317,472
x
-
x
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-12-03
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Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%) in Europe
Female graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8): total and by field of education in Europe
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