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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science
Year
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Indicator
Total Field of science
Natural sciences
Engineering and technology
Medical and health sciences
Agricultural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
EU28
2017
Pro
1,951,250
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2017
Pro
44,322
Full-time Equival...
EU28
2000
(no values)
Portugal
2000
s
16,738
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Field of science
Total
Natural sciences
Engineering and technology
Medical and health sciences
Agricultural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
Years
2000
2017
2000
2017
2000
2017
2000
2017
2000
2017
2000
2017
2000
2017
European Union (28 countries)
x
Pro
1,951,250
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Austria
x
Pro
47,519
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Belgium
30,540
Pro
56,067
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Bulgaria
9,479
Pro
15,094
2,905
x
2,890
x
1,188
x
1,044
x
518
x
934
x
Croatia
x
Pro
7,856
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Cyprus
303
Pro
1,015
107
x
37
x
14
x
36
x
74
x
34
x
Czech Republic
13,852
39,181
4,429
13,878
6,202
16,647
909
2,580
929
1,469
311
2,576
1,072
2,030
Denmark
x
Pro
45,277
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Estonia
2,666
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Finland
x
37,047
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
France
172,070
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Germany
257,874
s
413,542
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Greece
x
Pro
35,185
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Hungary
14,406
28,426
2,428
x
4,535
x
1,599
x
1,099
x
1,584
x
2,445
x
Ireland
8,516
20,421
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Italy
66,110
Pro
136,204
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Latvia
3,814
Pro
3,482
1,332
x
873
x
168
x
326
x
776
x
339
x
Lithuania
7,777
8,691
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Luxembourg
1,646
Pro
2,732
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Malta
x
894
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Netherlands
42,194
Pro
85,300
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Poland
55,174
96,460
11,970
x
18,253
x
7,664
x
5,546
x
7,193
x
4,547
x
Portugal
s
16,738
Pro
44,322
s
4,594
x
s
4,502
x
s
1,600
x
s
1,522
x
s
2,745
x
s
1,047
x
Romania
20,476
17,518
3,056
x
13,603
x
702
x
1,477
x
1,015
x
623
x
Slovakia
9,955
15,226
2,739
x
3,282
x
1,134
x
692
x
1,634
x
474
x
Slovenia
4,336
Pro
9,293
853
x
1,770
x
491
x
264
x
788
x
170
x
Spain
76,670
...
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sweden
x
75,247
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
United Kingdom
s
170,554
Pro
289,674
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-11-21
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
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