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EUROPE
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science
Year
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
Indicator
Total Field of science
Natural sciences
Engineering and technology
Medical and health sciences
Agricultural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
EU27 (2020)
2018
1,774,369
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2018
47,652
Full-time Equival...
EU27 (2020)
2000
(no values)
Portugal
2000
s
16,738
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Field of science
Total
Natural sciences
Engineering and technology
Medical and health sciences
Agricultural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
Years
2000
2018
2000
2018
2000
2018
2000
2018
2000
2018
2000
2018
2000
2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
1,774,369
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Austria
x
Pro
50,975
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Belgium
30,540
Pro
57,678
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Bulgaria
9,479
16,521
2,905
-
2,890
-
1,188
-
1,044
-
518
-
934
-
Croatia
x
Pro
7,985
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Cyprus
303
Pro
1,100
107
-
37
-
14
-
36
-
74
-
34
-
Czech Republic
13,852
Pro
41,198
4,429
-
6,202
-
909
-
929
-
311
-
1,072
-
Denmark
x
Pro
46,396
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Estonia
2,666
Pro
4,968
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Finland
x
37,891
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
France
172,070
s
306,451
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Germany
257,874
s
433,817
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Greece
x
Pro
36,646
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Hungary
14,406
31,430
2,428
-
4,535
-
1,599
-
1,099
-
1,584
-
2,445
-
Ireland
8,516
25,265
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Italy
66,110
Pro
139,853
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Latvia
3,814
3,456
1,332
-
873
-
168
-
326
-
776
-
339
-
Lithuania
7,777
Pro
8,938
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Luxembourg
1,646
Pro
2,986
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Malta
x
Pro
855
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Netherlands
42,194
Pro
95,611
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Poland
55,174
117,789
11,970
-
18,253
-
7,664
-
5,546
-
7,193
-
4,547
-
Portugal
s
16,738
47,652
s
4,594
-
s
4,502
-
s
1,600
-
s
1,522
-
s
2,745
-
s
1,047
-
Romania
20,476
17,213
3,056
-
13,603
-
702
-
1,477
-
1,015
-
623
-
Slovakia
9,955
16,337
2,739
-
3,282
-
1,134
-
692
-
1,634
-
474
-
Slovenia
4,336
Pro
10,087
853
-
1,770
-
491
-
264
-
788
-
170
-
Spain
76,670
140,120
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Sweden
x
75,151
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
United Kingdom
s
170,554
Pro
309,074
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
x
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-03-27
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
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