| 10,286,570 | | 429,481,944 | 11,038,264 | | 440,247,483 | 11,427,054 | | Pro446,327,501 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.5 | | 100.0 | Pro2.6 | | Pro100.0 |
| 8.4 | | - | 10.6 | | - | 12.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 96.3 | | 95.6 | 101.6 | | 116.0 | 110.9 | | Pro132.3 |
| 39.0 | | 38.4 | 40.9 | | 41.6 | 41.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 17.5 | | 16.7 | 17.0 | | 15.4 | 16.9 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 17 | | 16 | 17 | | 18 | 19 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.9 | | 4.2 | 3.8 | | 3.7 | 3.4 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.67 | | - | 1.81 | | - | 1.62 | | - |
| 28.9 | | - | 29.8 | | - | 30.7 | | - |
| 30.2 | | 26.8 | 47.0 | | 37.8 | - | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.5 | | 5.8 | 3.4 | | 3.8 | 3.8 | | 3.4 |
| 78.1 | | - | 80.7 | | - | 81.7 | | - |
| - | | - | 4,653.1 | | - | 4,770.4 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 30.9 | | 31.8 | 31.5 | | 34.3 |
| 40.5 | | - | 28.7 | | - | 21.8 | | - |
| 35.2 | | - | 42.6 | | - | 47.6 | | - |
| 13.8 | | - | 12.3 | | - | 8.6 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 65.0 | | - | 67.3 | | - | 69.7 | | - |
| 81.5 | | - | 74.9 | | 81.7 | 75.0 | | 80.9 |
| 36.8 | | - | 43.4 | | 30.3 | 41.3 | | 30.5 |
| 13.2 | | - | 13.2 | | 15.4 | 13.2 | | 14.2 |
| 25.0 | | - | 16.1 | | 25.0 | 11.3 | | 19.9 |
| 29.4 | | - | 20.2 | | 20.1 | 14.8 | | 16.7 |
| 8.8 | | - | 8.9 | | - | 10.7 | | - |
| 59.5 | | - | 54.8 | | 49.6 | 53.1 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 6.2 | | - | 7.2 | | - | 6.0 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 3.1 | | - | 3.8 | | - | 3.5 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 14.4 | | - | 17.1 | | - | 15.0 | | - |
| 51.7 | | - | 48.3 | | 43.9 | 48.7 | | 44.6 |
| 96.5 | | - | 88.0 | | 76.6 | 84.5 | | 74.6 |
| 144.8 | | - | 133.9 | | - | 132.7 | | - |
| 1,117.9 | | - | 1,415.2 | | - | 1,562.6 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 55,949 | | s1,747,667 | 62,895 | | 2,256,720 | s88,031 | | 2,839,076 |
| 63.4 | | s52.6 | 55.7 | | 53.7 | s61.6 | | 59.3 |
| 73.0 | | s64.3 | 68.7 | | 63.1 | s69.8 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 77.0 | | 68.0 | 84.0 | | 76.0 |
| 23,832.7 | | 19,194.1 | 30,520.4 | | 25,721.3 | 35,541.1 | | Pro30,228.9 |
| 108.2 | | 65.5 | 103.5 | | 81.8 | 99.9 | | 79.5 |
| 33.0 | | 26.0 | 30.2 | | 24.9 | 31.8 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| 3.1 | | 0.6 | -1.0 | | 0.9 | -0.2 | | 3.0 |
| - | | -0.4 | -1.9 | | 0.6 | -1.4 | | 3.0 |
| 52.4 | | 55.8 | 51.5 | | 55.4 | 51.6 | | 53.3 |
| 21.3 | | 19.7 | 24.0 | | 21.2 | 23.1 | | 20.5 |
| 22.4 | | 22.3 | 23.0 | | 20.8 | 23.8 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 6.3 | | 14.6 | 9.4 | | 18.9 |
| 2.0 | | s1.8 | 2.2 | | 2.0 | s2.7 | | 2.2 |
| 7.5 | | - | 8.9 | | - | s11.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 77.0 | | 72.0 | 87.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 78.0 | | 65.0 | 87.0 | | 82.0 |
| 8,782 | | - | 10,895 | | - | 12,812 | | - |
| 38.0 | | - | 42.0 | | - | 41.9 | | - |
| 13.0 | | - | 15.3 | | - | 16.4 | | - |
| 28.0 | | - | 26.3 | | - | 25.7 | | - |
| 41.5 | | - | 48.0 | | - | 54.1 | | Pro50.5 |
| 53.6 | | - | 53.3 | | s44.0 | 49.8 | | s47.6 |
| 76.0 | | - | 80.2 | | - | 46.2 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 88.6 | | 101.5 | 121.2 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |