| 8,009,142 | | 429,481,944 | 7,348,328 | | 440,247,483 | 7,025,037 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 1.9 | | - | 1.7 | | - | Pro1.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.5 | | - | 1.2 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 109.4 | | 95.6 | 140.2 | | 116.0 | 148.1 | | Pro132.3 |
| 39.3 | | 38.4 | 42.5 | | 41.6 | 44.1 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.2 | | 16.7 | 13.3 | | 15.4 | 14.3 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 17 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 21 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.6 | | 3.7 | 3.0 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.21 | | - | 1.51 | | - | 1.56 | | - |
| 25.1 | | - | 27.1 | | - | 27.7 | | - |
| 42.0 | | 26.8 | 56.1 | | 37.8 | 58.5 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 14.4 | | - | 8.5 | | - | 5.8 | | - |
| 71.9 | | - | 74.2 | | - | 75.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 2,775.8 | | - | 2,708.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.3 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 30.3 | | 31.8 | 31.3 | | 34.3 |
| 29.0 | | - | 20.0 | | - | 17.4 | | - |
| 23.6 | | - | 27.3 | | - | 33.7 | | - |
| 20.5 | | - | 11.8 | | - | 12.7 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 54.8 | | - | 62.9 | | - | 72.4 | | - |
| 89.2 | | - | 97.6 | | 81.7 | 98.0 | | 80.9 |
| 3.6 | | - | 2.6 | | 30.3 | 2.3 | | 30.5 |
| 13.6 | | - | 11.1 | | 15.4 | 10.9 | | 14.2 |
| 28.0 | | - | 17.7 | | 25.0 | 14.0 | | 19.9 |
| 15.5 | | - | 10.3 | | 20.1 | 10.5 | | 16.7 |
| 6.8 | | - | 4.0 | | - | 4.0 | | - |
| 47.9 | | - | 44.3 | | 49.6 | 44.2 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 19.9 | | - | 11.3 | | - | 5.2 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 8.8 | | - | 5.1 | | - | 2.3 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 34.9 | | - | 21.9 | | - | 10.5 | | - |
| 62.6 | | - | 55.7 | | 43.9 | 58.4 | | 44.6 |
| 94.7 | | - | 90.4 | | 76.6 | 80.8 | | 74.6 |
| 33.8 | | - | 42.6 | | - | Pro46.6 | | - |
| 42.0 | | - | 122.7 | | - | 260.8 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 14,949 | | s1,747,667 | 16,986 | | 2,256,720 | 25,809 | | 2,839,076 |
| 12.6 | | s52.6 | 14.4 | | 53.7 | 50.8 | | 59.3 |
| 20.5 | | s64.3 | 53.2 | | 63.1 | 71.9 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 45.0 | | - | 51.0 | | 76.0 |
| 5,761.1 | | 19,194.1 | 11,674.6 | | 25,721.3 | 15,420.8 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 64.6 | | 65.5 | 15.2 | | 81.8 | 22.3 | | 79.5 |
| 17.2 | | 26.0 | 14.1 | | 24.9 | 14.6 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | - | 2.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| -9.1 | | 0.6 | 0.2 | | 0.9 | 2.6 | | 3.0 |
| -5.4 | | -0.4 | 0.3 | | 0.6 | 1.4 | | 3.0 |
| 68.6 | | 55.8 | 62.2 | | 55.4 | 59.7 | | 53.3 |
| 19.4 | | 19.7 | 15.9 | | 21.2 | 16.5 | | 20.5 |
| 19.3 | | 22.3 | 21.0 | | 20.8 | 18.8 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.2 | | 14.6 | 20.5 | | 18.9 |
| 0.4 | | s1.8 | 0.5 | | 2.0 | 0.8 | | 2.2 |
| 2.7 | | - | 3.6 | | - | 5.1 | | - |
| - | | - | 45.0 | | 72.0 | 72.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 46.0 | | 65.0 | 64.0 | | 82.0 |
| 1,615 | | - | 3,499 | | - | 4,331 | | - |
| 43.0 | | - | 41.7 | | - | 45.2 | | - |
| 16.0 | | - | 22.2 | | - | 22.0 | | - |
| 26.0 | | - | 35.0 | | - | 39.6 | | - |
| - | | - | s17.5 | | - | 24.9 | | Pro50.5 |
| 66.0 | | - | 66.6 | | s44.0 | 66.1 | | s47.6 |
| - | | - | s22.5 | | - | 10.3 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 107.8 | | 101.5 | 139.7 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |