| 8,009,142 | | 429,481,944 | 7,348,328 | | 440,247,483 | 6,975,761 | | Pro446,883,180 |
| 1.9 | | 100.0 | 1.7 | | 100.0 | Pro1.6 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 0.5 | | - | 1.4 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 109.4 | | 95.6 | 140.2 | | 116.0 | 149.3 | | Pro134.7 |
| 39.3 | | 38.4 | 42.5 | | 41.6 | 44.5 | | Pro43.7 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.2 | | 16.7 | 13.3 | | 15.4 | 14.4 | | Pro15.1 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 17 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 21 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.6 | | 3.7 | 3.0 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.21 | | 1.43 | 1.51 | | 1.54 | 1.58 | | Pro1.53 |
| 25.1 | | 29.0 | 27.1 | | 30.2 | 27.8 | | Pro30.9 |
| 42.0 | | 26.8 | 56.1 | | 37.8 | 58.4 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 14.4 | | 5.8 | 8.5 | | 3.8 | 5.6 | | 3.4 |
| 71.9 | | - | 74.2 | | 80.1 | 75.1 | | Pro81.3 |
| - | | - | 3,005.7 | | 184,224.5 | 2,888.5 | | 195,593.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.4 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 27.9 | | 31.8 | 29.7 | | 34.5 |
| 29.0 | | - | 20.0 | | 27.0 | 17.5 | | 21.6 |
| 23.6 | | - | 27.3 | | 33.4 | 32.5 | | 40.3 |
| 20.5 | | - | 11.8 | | 13.2 | 13.9 | | 10.2 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 236 | | Pro258 |
| 711 | | - | 645 | | 568 | 774 | | Pro532 |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 54.8 | | 65.8 | 62.3 | | 67.1 | 74.3 | | 72.7 |
| 89.2 | | - | 97.6 | | 81.7 | 97.9 | | 80.8 |
| 3.6 | | - | 2.6 | | 30.3 | 2.4 | | 30.6 |
| 13.6 | | - | 11.1 | | 15.4 | 10.2 | | 14.2 |
| 28.0 | | - | 17.7 | | 25.0 | 14.5 | | 19.3 |
| 15.5 | | - | 10.3 | | 20.1 | 11.5 | | 16.3 |
| 6.8 | | - | 4.0 | | 15.3 | 4.3 | | 15.0 |
| 47.9 | | - | 44.3 | | 49.6 | 44.2 | | 49.8 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 19.9 | | - | 11.3 | | 9.9 | 4.2 | | 6.7 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 8.8 | | - | 5.1 | | 5.8 | 1.9 | | 4.2 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 34.9 | | - | 21.9 | | 20.6 | 7.5 | | 14.0 |
| 62.6 | | - | 55.9 | | 44.0 | 56.9 | | 41.8 |
| 94.7 | | - | 90.4 | | 76.6 | 76.7 | | 74.2 |
| 33.9 | | 100.0 | 42.9 | | 100.0 | 48.6 | | 100.0 |
| 42.0 | | - | 122.7 | | - | 286.3 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 14,949 | | s1,747,667 | 16,986 | | 2,256,720 | 26,399 | | 2,921,544 |
| 12.6 | | s52.6 | 14.4 | | 53.7 | 52.4 | | 59.6 |
| 20.5 | | s64.3 | 53.2 | | 63.1 | 67.2 | | 66.7 |
| - | | - | 45.0 | | 68.0 | 51.0 | | 77.0 |
| 5,800.0 | | 19,200.0 | 11,700.0 | | 25,600.0 | 16,700.0 | | 31,300.0 |
| 64.6 | | 65.5 | 15.2 | | 81.7 | 20.0 | | 77.5 |
| 24 | | 26 | 14 | | 25 | 15 | | 27 |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | - | 2.0 | | 0.2 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| -9.1 | | 0.6 | 0.2 | | 0.9 | 3.2 | | 2.5 |
| -5.4 | | -0.4 | 0.3 | | 0.6 | 1.9 | | 2.3 |
| 68.6 | | 55.8 | 62.6 | | 55.4 | 59.1 | | 53.0 |
| 19.4 | | 19.7 | 15.9 | | 21.2 | 16.7 | | 20.6 |
| 19.4 | | 22.7 | 20.9 | | 21.1 | - | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.2 | | 14.5 | 21.5 | | 19.9 |
| - | | - | 0.5 | | - | 2.3 | | s8.5 |
| 0.4 | | s1.8 | 0.5 | | 2.0 | 0.8 | | 2.2 |
| 2.7 | | - | 3.6 | | 6.7 | 5.2 | | 8.9 |
| - | | - | 45.0 | | 72.0 | 75.0 | | 90.0 |
| - | | - | 46.0 | | 65.0 | 67.0 | | 84.0 |
| 1,615 | | - | 3,499 | | - | 5,022 | | - |
| 43.0 | | - | 41.7 | | s44.2 | 42.2 | | s43.0 |
| 16.0 | | - | 22.2 | | s16.9 | 22.6 | | s16.5 |
| 26.0 | | - | 35.0 | | 30.5 | 40.8 | | s30.2 |
| - | | - | s17.5 | | 50.8 | 27.2 | | Pro50.4 |
| 66.0 | | - | 66.6 | | s44.0 | 64.4 | | 47.3 |
| - | | - | s22.5 | | 30.9 | 14.5 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | 107.8 | | 101.5 | 143.5 | | 133.0 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |