| 4,300,450 | | 488,601,617 | 4,282,921 | | 503,506,401 | 4,172,441 | | Pro510,899,431 |
| 0.9 | | 100.0 | 0.9 | | 100.0 | Pro0.8 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 1.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 97.4 | | 94.1 | 117.4 | | 113.0 | 133.3 | | Pro123.9 |
| 39.8 | | 38.3 | 42.1 | | 41.3 | 43.0 | | Pro42.6 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.7 | | 16.9 | 15.2 | | 15.7 | 14.6 | | Pro15.6 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16.3 | | 15.9 | 17.8 | | 17.7 | 19.4 | | Pro19.3 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.8 | | 3.8 | 3.4 | | Pro3.4 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.46 | | 1.46 | 1.48 | | 1.59 | 1.42 | | Pro1.60 |
| 27.8 | | 29.0 | 29.3 | | 30.1 | 30.1 | | Pro30.6 |
| 9.4 | | - | 14.0 | | Pro39.3 | 18.9 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 7.7 | | 5.8 | 4.7 | | Pro3.9 | 4.3 | | Pro3.6 |
| 74.6 | | - | 77.2 | | 80.2 | 78.2 | | Pro81.0 |
| - | | - | 1,518.9 | | 211,956.4 | 1,480.8 | | 219,792.2 |
| - | | - | 3.0 | | 2.3 | 2.8 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 23.0 | | 31.9 | 23.6 | | 33.1 |
| - | | - | 21.8 | | 26.6 | 17.3 | | 23.0 |
| - | | - | 23.9 | | 34.8 | 29.3 | | 39.2 |
| - | | - | 5.0 | | 13.4 | u2.8 | | 10.7 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 34,028 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 59.8 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 15.5 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | 66.9 | 59.8 | | 68.6 | 61.4 | | 71.1 |
| - | | - | 91.2 | | 80.5 | 93.4 | | 79.6 |
| - | | - | 11.2 | | 32.1 | 8.0 | | 32.6 |
| - | | - | 19.0 | | 15.1 | 12.5 | | 14.7 |
| - | | - | 29.6 | | 24.2 | 17.4 | | 20.6 |
| - | | - | 10.0 | | 19.7 | 8.5 | | 16.9 |
| - | | - | 13.5 | | 14.0 | 22.2 | | 14.2 |
| - | | - | 47.1 | | 49.8 | 48.3 | | 49.7 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | - | | - | 13.7 | | 9.6 | 13.1 | | 8.6 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | - | | - | 9.2 | | 5.5 | 7.8 | | 5.1 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | - | | - | 31.8 | | 19.9 | 25.7 | | 17.4 |
| - | | - | 61.3 | | 42.8 | 50.7 | | 46.6 |
| - | | - | 92.9 | | 74.5 | 94.9 | | 73.1 |
| Pro53.0 | | 100.0 | 59.9 | | 100.0 | 63.5 | | 100.0 |
| // | | - | 381.2 | | - | 408.5 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | - | | - | 10,622 | | 2,612,978 | ┴11,197 | | s2,961,951 |
| - | | - | 23.8 | | 52.5 | ┴25.4 | | s55.9 |
| - | | s64.6 | 44.7 | | 63.2 | ┴44.9 | | 65.2 |
| - | | - | 66.0 | | 69.0 | 69.0 | | 77.0 |
| 10,126.3 | | 20,587.9 | 15,649.9 | | 26,251.2 | 17,555.0 | | Pro29,205.1 |
| 37.1 | | 59.3 | 63.0 | | 81.4 | 79.9 | | 83.0 |
| - | | - | 14.3 | | 26.0 | 12.9 | | Pro27.0 |
| - | | - | 0.7 | | 0.1 | 0.8 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.2 | | - | 0.3 | | - |
| 42.3 | | 12.4 | 40.8 | | 16.4 | 45.9 | | 15.6 |
| -3.0 | | -1.1 | -0.8 | | -0.3 | 2.5 | | 1.5 |
| 62.2 | | 58.0 | 59.6 | | 56.9 | 57.0 | | 55.8 |
| 19.2 | | 19.2 | 20.2 | | 21.0 | 19.4 | | 20.3 |
| 20.4 | | 21.5 | 20.2 | | 20.1 | 20.0 | | 19.9 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 25.4 | | 13.2 | 28.3 | | 17.0 |
| 0.2 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | Pro0.5 |
| - | | s1.8 | 0.8 | | 2.0 | ┴0.8 | | 2.0 |
| - | | - | 3.6 | | 6.8 | ┴4.1 | | s7.7 |
| - | | - | 56.0 | | 67.0 | 77.0 | | 83.0 |
| - | | - | 55.0 | | 67.0 | 71.0 | | 79.0 |
| - | | - | 4,454 | | - | 5,389 | | - |
| - | | - | 45.6 | | 44.1 | 44.8 | | 44.5 |
| - | | - | 20.9 | | 16.9 | 19.5 | | 17.3 |
| - | | - | 31.2 | | 30.8 | 29.8 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | 31.9 | | s51.6 | 31.4 | | Pro48.4 |
| 87.7 | | - | 90.2 | | s43.5 | 92.6 | | 48.6 |
| - | | - | 21.2 | | s33.2 | 15.3 | | 33.5 |
| - | | - | 87.2 | | 102.2 | 102.3 | | 123.7 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |
| 1.5 | | 1.4 | 1.4 | | 1.3 | 1.4 | | 1.3 |