| 10,216,605 | | 429,481,944 | 10,496,088 | | 440,247,483 | 10,671,870 | | Pro446,883,180 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.4 | | 100.0 | Pro2.4 | | Pro100.0 |
| 1.7 | | - | 4.0 | | - | 5.2 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 86.1 | | 95.6 | 109.0 | | 116.0 | 123.9 | | Pro134.7 |
| 37.6 | | 38.4 | 39.8 | | 41.6 | 42.6 | | Pro43.7 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.1 | | 16.7 | 14.6 | | 15.4 | 15.9 | | Pro15.1 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 14 | | 16 | 16 | | 18 | 20 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.1 | | 4.2 | 4.4 | | 3.7 | 3.3 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.15 | | 1.43 | 1.43 | | 1.54 | 1.71 | | Pro1.53 |
| 27.5 | | 29.0 | 29.7 | | 30.2 | 30.2 | | Pro30.9 |
| 23.5 | | 26.8 | 41.8 | | 37.8 | 48.2 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.0 | | 5.8 | 2.7 | | 3.8 | 2.6 | | 3.4 |
| 75.3 | | - | 78.0 | | 80.1 | 79.3 | | Pro81.3 |
| - | | - | 4,395.9 | | 184,224.5 | 4,757.5 | | 195,593.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 27.4 | | 31.8 | 32.6 | | 34.5 |
| 13.7 | | - | 7.7 | | 27.0 | 6.2 | | 21.6 |
| 13.3 | | - | 23.7 | | 33.4 | 35.1 | | 40.3 |
| - | | - | 4.9 | | 13.2 | 6.7 | | 10.2 |
| 290 | | - | 275 | | - | s246 | | Pro258 |
| 777 | | - | 706 | | 568 | 658 | | Pro532 |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 71.2 | | 65.8 | 70.9 | | 67.1 | 80.3 | | 72.7 |
| 93.6 | | - | 94.5 | | 81.7 | 92.4 | | 80.8 |
| 8.4 | | - | 9.4 | | 30.3 | 12.0 | | 30.6 |
| 14.6 | | - | 17.5 | | 15.4 | 16.3 | | 14.2 |
| 4.2 | | - | 2.2 | | 25.0 | 3.1 | | 19.3 |
| 9.4 | | - | 5.0 | | 20.1 | 4.9 | | 16.3 |
| 7.3 | | - | 8.0 | | 15.3 | 7.8 | | 15.0 |
| 53.9 | | - | 54.4 | | 49.6 | 57.5 | | 49.8 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 8.0 | | - | 6.7 | | 9.9 | 2.0 | | 6.7 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.5 | | - | 2.8 | | 5.8 | 1.0 | | 4.2 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 13.6 | | - | 15.4 | | 20.6 | 4.5 | | 14.0 |
| 52.3 | | - | 40.6 | | 44.0 | 29.9 | | 41.8 |
| 67.7 | | - | 71.6 | | 76.6 | 65.6 | | 74.2 |
| 65.7 | | 100.0 | 71.8 | | 100.0 | 77.9 | | 100.0 |
| 145.3 | | - | 323.9 | | - | 521.8 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 26,107 | | s1,747,667 | 55,697 | | 2,256,720 | 79,245 | | 2,921,544 |
| 46.1 | | s52.6 | 52.1 | | 53.7 | 56.5 | | 59.6 |
| 60.2 | | s64.3 | 55.3 | | 63.1 | 61.6 | | 66.7 |
| - | | - | 77.0 | | 68.0 | 83.0 | | 77.0 |
| 14,600.0 | | 19,200.0 | 21,600.0 | | 25,600.0 | 29,200.0 | | 31,300.0 |
| 24.2 | | 65.5 | 37.9 | | 81.7 | 30.4 | | 77.5 |
| 21 | | 26 | 18 | | 25 | 20 | | 27 |
| - | | - | 0.3 | | - | 0.4 | | 0.2 |
| - | | - | 0.4 | | - | 0.5 | | 0.3 |
| -2.3 | | 0.6 | 3.9 | | 0.9 | 6.0 | | 2.5 |
| -4.8 | | -0.4 | -2.1 | | 0.6 | 0.3 | | 2.3 |
| 49.7 | | 55.8 | 49.2 | | 55.4 | 46.8 | | 53.0 |
| 19.5 | | 19.7 | 19.8 | | 21.2 | 19.6 | | 20.6 |
| 31.1 | | 22.7 | 26.8 | | 21.1 | 27.1 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.9 | | 14.5 | 16.2 | | 19.9 |
| - | | - | 13.1 | | - | 15.2 | | s8.5 |
| 1.1 | | s1.8 | 1.5 | | 2.0 | 1.9 | | 2.2 |
| 3.0 | | - | 6.0 | | 6.7 | 8.1 | | 8.9 |
| - | | - | 67.0 | | 72.0 | 87.0 | | 90.0 |
| - | | - | 63.0 | | 65.0 | 85.0 | | 84.0 |
| 3,846 | | - | 5,993 | | - | 8,421 | | - |
| 36.0 | | - | 37.8 | | s44.2 | 34.5 | | s43.0 |
| 8.0 | | - | 9.8 | | s16.9 | 10.1 | | s16.5 |
| 25.0 | | - | 25.2 | | 30.5 | 24.0 | | s30.2 |
| - | | - | 58.4 | | 50.8 | 61.3 | | Pro50.4 |
| 44.1 | | - | 50.8 | | s44.0 | 47.7 | | 47.3 |
| - | | - | 28.2 | | 30.9 | 27.3 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | 82.8 | | 101.5 | 128.2 | | 133.0 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |