| 429,481,944 | | 429,481,944 | 440,247,483 | | 440,247,483 | Pro446,327,501 | | Pro446,327,501 |
| 100.0 | | 100.0 | 100.0 | | 100.0 | Pro100.0 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 95.6 | | 95.6 | 116.0 | | 116.0 | Pro132.2 | | Pro132.2 |
| 38.4 | | 38.4 | 41.6 | | 41.6 | Pro43.4 | | Pro43.4 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.7 | | 16.7 | 15.4 | | 15.4 | Pro15.2 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16 | | 16 | 18 | | 18 | Pro20 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.2 | | 4.2 | 3.7 | | 3.7 | Pro3.2 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.43 | | 1.43 | 1.54 | | 1.54 | Pro1.54 | | Pro1.54 |
| 29.0 | | 29.0 | 30.2 | | 30.2 | Pro30.8 | | Pro30.8 |
| 26.8 | | 26.8 | 37.8 | | 37.8 | - | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.8 | | 5.8 | 3.8 | | 3.8 | 3.4 | | 3.4 |
| - | | - | 80.1 | | 80.1 | Pro81.0 | | Pro81.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 193,807.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 31.8 | | 31.8 | 34.3 | | 34.3 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 22.2 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 39.4 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 10.5 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 65.8 | | 65.8 | 67.9 | | 67.9 | 72.4 | | 72.4 |
| - | | - | 81.7 | | 81.7 | 80.9 | | 80.9 |
| - | | - | 30.3 | | 30.3 | 30.5 | | 30.5 |
| - | | - | 15.4 | | 15.4 | 14.2 | | 14.2 |
| - | | - | 25.0 | | 25.0 | 19.9 | | 19.9 |
| - | | - | 20.1 | | 20.1 | 16.7 | | 16.7 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 15.5 | | - |
| - | | - | 49.6 | | 49.6 | 49.9 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | - | | - | - | | - | 7.3 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | - | | - | - | | - | 4.5 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | - | | - | - | | - | 15.1 | | - |
| - | | - | 43.9 | | 43.9 | 44.6 | | 44.6 |
| - | | - | 76.6 | | 76.6 | 74.6 | | 74.6 |
| 100.0 | | 100.0 | 100.0 | | 100.0 | 100.0 | | 100.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | s1,747,667 | | s1,747,667 | 2,256,720 | | 2,256,720 | 2,839,076 | | 2,839,076 |
| s52.6 | | s52.6 | 53.7 | | 53.7 | 59.3 | | 59.3 |
| s64.3 | | s64.3 | 63.1 | | 63.1 | 66.4 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 68.0 | | 68.0 | 76.0 | | 76.0 |
| 19,194.1 | | 19,194.1 | 25,721.3 | | 25,721.3 | Pro30,228.9 | | Pro30,228.9 |
| 65.5 | | 65.5 | 81.8 | | 81.8 | 79.4 | | 79.4 |
| 26.0 | | 26.0 | 24.9 | | 24.9 | 26.8 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| 0.6 | | 0.6 | 0.9 | | 0.9 | 3.0 | | 3.0 |
| -0.4 | | -0.4 | 0.6 | | 0.6 | 3.0 | | 3.0 |
| 55.8 | | 55.8 | 55.4 | | 55.4 | 53.5 | | 53.5 |
| 19.7 | | 19.7 | 21.2 | | 21.2 | 20.5 | | 20.5 |
| 22.3 | | 22.3 | 20.8 | | 20.8 | 21.2 | | 21.2 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.6 | | 14.6 | 18.9 | | 18.9 |
| s1.8 | | s1.8 | 2.0 | | 2.0 | 2.2 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 8.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 72.0 | | 72.0 | 88.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 65.0 | | 65.0 | 82.0 | | 82.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | s43.7 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | s16.8 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | s30.4 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | Pro50.5 | | Pro50.5 |
| - | | - | s44.0 | | s44.0 | s47.6 | | s47.6 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 31.8 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 101.5 | | 101.5 | 133.3 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |