European figures

Summary table: European Union (27 countries since 2020)

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	2001		2011		2018
	European Union 27 (since 2020)	EU27	European Union 27 (since 2020)	EU27	European Union 27 (since 2020)	EU27
Resident population	429,481,944	429,481,944	440,247,483	440,247,483	Pro446,327,501	Pro446,327,501
Resident population as % of EU27 population	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	Pro100.0	Pro100.0
Foreigners as % of resident population	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ageing index number of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14)	95.6	95.6	116.0	116.0	Pro132.2	Pro132.2
Median age	38.4	38.4	41.6	41.6	Pro43.4	Pro43.4
Young people (%) individuals aged 0 to 14	16.7	16.7	15.4	15.4	Pro15.2	Pro15.2
Elderly people (%) individuals aged 65 and over	16	16	18	18	Pro20	Pro20
Working age people per elderly person individuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.7	Pro3.2	Pro3.2
Total fertility rate average number of children per woman of childbearing age	1.43	1.43	1.54	1.54	Pro1.54	Pro1.54
Mean age of women at childbearing	29.0	29.0	30.2	30.2	Pro30.8	Pro30.8
Births out of wedlock (%)	26.8	26.8	37.8	37.8	-	-
Infant mortality rate (‰) number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births	5.8	5.8	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.4
Life expectancy at birth	-	-	80.1	80.1	Pro81.0	Pro81.0
Households (thousands)	-	-	183,843.8	183,843.8	193,807.5	193,807.5
Average number of persons per household	-	-	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3
Single person households (%)	-	-	31.8	31.8	34.3	34.3
Population having less than upper secondary education (%) individuals aged 25 to 64	-	-	27.0	27.0	22.2	22.2
Population, aged 30 to 34, having tertiary education	-	-	33.4	33.4	39.4	39.4
Rate of early leavers from education and training (%)	-	-	13.2	13.2	10.5	10.5
Employment rate (%) number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group	65.8	65.8	67.9	67.9	72.4	72.4
Full-time employment (%)	-	-	81.7	81.7	80.9	80.9
Female part-time employment (%)	-	-	30.3	30.3	30.5	30.5
Self-employed (%)(2)	-	-	15.4	15.4	14.2	14.2
Self-employed persons without upper secondary education (%)(2) ISCED 0-2 maximum	-	-	25.0	25.0	19.9	19.9
Employees without upper secondary education (%) ISCED 0-2 maximum	-	-	20.1	20.1	16.6	16.6
Employees with fixed-term contract (%)	-	-	15.3	15.3	15.5	15.5
Females in the total of employees with fixed-term contract (%)	-	-	49.6	49.6	49.9	49.9
Unemployment rate (%) number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group	-	-	9.9	9.9	7.3	7.3
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%) number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education	-	-	5.8	5.8	4.5	4.5
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%) number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people	-	-	20.6	20.6	15.1	15.1
Unemployed over 1 year as % of total unemployement	-	-	43.9	43.9	44.6	44.6
Inactive population per 100 economically active people	-	-	76.6	76.6	74.6	74.6
Labour productivity per hour worked (EU27=100)(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
National minimum wage (€) monthly average	-	-	-	-	-	-
Personnel in R&D FTE - full-time equivalent	s1,747,667	s1,747,667	2,256,720	2,256,720	2,839,076	2,839,076
Total personnel in R&D in enterprises (%)	s52.6	s52.6	53.7	53.7	59.3	59.3
Expenditure in R&D by business enterprise sector as % of total expenditure in R&D	s64.3	s64.3	63.1	63.1	66.4	66.4
Enterprises with website or homepage (%) enterprises with 10 or more personnel	-	-	68.0	68.0	76.0	76.0
GDP per capita (PPS)(1)	19,189.3	19,189.3	25,716.9	25,716.9	Pro30,288.1	Pro30,288.1
Gross Public Administration debt as % of GDP	65.6	65.6	81.9	81.9	79.5	79.5
Taxes on income as % of Public Administration revenue	26.1	26.1	24.9	24.9	26.8	26.8
Emigrants remittances as % of GDP	-	-	-	-	0.1	0.1
Remittances by immigrants as a % of GDP	-	-	-	-	0.3	0.3
Balance of trade as a % of GDP	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.9	2.9	2.9
Current account as % of GDP	-0.4	-0.4	0.6	0.6	2.8	2.8
Private final consumption as % of GDP	55.8	55.8	55.4	55.4	53.5	53.5
Public final consumption as % of GDP	19.7	19.7	21.2	21.2	20.5	20.5
Gross fixed capital formation as % of GDP	22.3	22.3	20.8	20.8	21.2	21.2
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption	-	-	14.6	14.6	18.9	18.9
Expenditure in research and development (R&D) as % of GDP	s1.8	s1.8	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.2
Researchers in R&D per thousand economically active people	-	-	6.7	6.7	8.6	8.6
Households with Internet access at home (%)	-	-	72.0	72.0	88.0	88.0
Individuals who accessed Internet at least once a week (%) individuals aged 16 to 74	-	-	65.0	65.0	82.0	82.0
At risk of poverty threshold (PPS)(1)	-	-	-	-	-	-
At risk of poverty rate before social transfers (%)	-	-	-	-	s43.7	-
At risk of poverty rate after social transfers (%)	-	-	-	-	s16.8	-
Gini index (%)	-	-	-	-	s30.4	-
Resident tourists as % of resident population(3)	-	-	-	-	Pro50.5	Pro50.5
Nights spent by non-resident tourists in collective tourist accommodations (%)	-	-	s44.0	s44.0	s47.6	s47.6
Resident tourists traveling abroad as % of the resident tourists(3)	-	-	-	-	31.8	31.8
Average number of passengers per commercial air flight	-	-	101.5	101.5	133.3	133.3
Speed limits on motorways km/h	-	-	-	-	-	-

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Notes

The Summary-table shows no methodological changes (marked by breaks in series) in the data
More information about these figures is available by clicking on each indicator.

(1) - PPS – Purchasing power standards.

(2) - The figures presented include self-employed as employers and self-employed without employees.

(3) - Trips with at least four night's duration will be accounted for. Business travel is excluded.