| 10,862,132 | | 429,481,944 | 11,104,899 | | 440,247,483 | 10,732,882 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 2.5 | | - | 2.5 | | - | Pro2.4 | | - |
| Pro7.0 | | - | 8.4 | | - | 7.6 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 116.7 | | 95.6 | 132.9 | | 116.0 | 152.5 | | Pro132.3 |
| 38.7 | | 38.4 | 41.5 | | 41.6 | 44.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.1 | | 16.7 | 14.7 | | 15.4 | 14.4 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 18 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 22 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.8 | | 4.2 | 3.4 | | 3.7 | 2.9 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.25 | | - | 1.40 | | - | 1.35 | | - |
| 29.3 | | - | 30.5 | | - | 31.5 | | - |
| 4.3 | | 26.8 | 7.4 | | 37.8 | 11.1 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.1 | | - | 3.4 | | - | 3.5 | | - |
| 79.1 | | - | 80.8 | | - | 81.9 | | - |
| - | | - | 4,343.0 | | - | 4,383.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 28.0 | | 31.8 | 31.7 | | 34.3 |
| 47.7 | | - | 35.4 | | - | 26.4 | | - |
| 25.0 | | - | 29.1 | | - | 44.3 | | - |
| 16.9 | | - | 12.9 | | - | 4.7 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 61.5 | | - | 59.6 | | - | 59.5 | | - |
| 95.9 | | - | 93.1 | | 81.7 | 90.8 | | 80.9 |
| 7.2 | | - | 10.2 | | 30.3 | 13.3 | | 30.5 |
| 31.3 | | - | 30.7 | | 15.4 | 29.8 | | 14.2 |
| 56.3 | | - | 43.0 | | 25.0 | 33.3 | | 19.9 |
| 30.4 | | - | 23.2 | | 20.1 | 14.6 | | 16.7 |
| 13.5 | | - | 11.8 | | - | 11.3 | | - |
| 47.0 | | - | 49.3 | | 49.6 | 53.5 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 10.5 | | - | 17.9 | | - | 19.3 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 7.7 | | - | 14.2 | | - | 14.2 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 26.5 | | - | 43.0 | | - | 38.6 | | - |
| 52.7 | | - | 49.3 | | 43.9 | 70.3 | | 44.6 |
| 94.0 | | - | 89.9 | | 76.6 | 92.7 | | 74.6 |
| 80.6 | | - | Pro69.8 | | - | Pro64.1 | | - |
| 547.6 | | - | 869.7 | | - | 683.8 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 30,226 | | s1,747,667 | 36,913 | | 2,256,720 | 51,279 | | 2,839,076 |
| 37.0 | | s52.6 | 17.1 | | 53.7 | 27.2 | | 59.3 |
| 32.7 | | s64.3 | 34.9 | | 63.1 | 48.2 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 64.0 | | - | 65.0 | | 76.0 |
| 17,347.7 | | 19,194.1 | Pro19,487.0 | | 25,721.3 | Pro20,647.5 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 107.1 | | 65.5 | Pro172.1 | | 81.8 | Pro181.2 | | 79.5 |
| 19.2 | | 26.0 | 16.5 | | 24.9 | 18.6 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | Pro0.3 | | - | Pro0.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | Pro0.4 | | - | Pro0.3 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | Pro-4.7 | | 0.9 | Pro-1.7 | | 3.0 |
| - | | -0.4 | Pro-8.6 | | 0.6 | Pro-2.8 | | 3.0 |
| 66.2 | | 55.8 | Pro69.9 | | 55.4 | Pro68.0 | | 53.3 |
| 18.7 | | 19.7 | Pro21.8 | | 21.2 | Pro19.1 | | 20.5 |
| 24.7 | | 22.3 | Pro15.3 | | 20.8 | Pro11.1 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 11.2 | | 14.6 | 18.0 | | 18.9 |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | Pro0.7 | | 2.0 | Pro1.2 | | 2.2 |
| 3.1 | | - | 5.1 | | - | 7.9 | | - |
| - | | - | 50.0 | | 72.0 | 76.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 47.0 | | 65.0 | 70.0 | | 82.0 |
| 5,141 | | - | 6,976 | | - | 5,547 | | - |
| 39.0 | | - | 44.9 | | - | 50.0 | | - |
| 20.0 | | - | 21.4 | | - | 18.5 | | - |
| 33.0 | | - | 33.5 | | - | 32.3 | | - |
| 44.7 | | - | 30.0 | | - | 36.0 | | Pro50.5 |
| 75.5 | | - | s73.5 | | s44.0 | 83.3 | | s47.6 |
| 11.6 | | - | 9.9 | | - | 10.9 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 109.8 | | 101.5 | 130.5 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |