| 10,187,576 | | 429,481,944 | 9,958,824 | | 440,247,483 | 9,775,564 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 2.4 | | - | 2.3 | | - | Pro2.2 | | - |
| 1.1 | | - | 2.1 | | - | 1.7 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 92.4 | | 95.6 | 115.5 | | 116.0 | 131.6 | | Pro132.3 |
| 38.6 | | 38.4 | 40.1 | | 41.6 | 42.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.5 | | 16.7 | 14.5 | | 15.4 | 14.5 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 15 | | 16 | 17 | | 18 | 19 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.5 | | 4.2 | 4.1 | | 3.7 | 3.5 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.31 | | - | 1.23 | | - | 1.55 | | - |
| 27.6 | | - | 29.4 | | - | 29.8 | | - |
| 30.3 | | 26.8 | 42.3 | | 37.8 | 43.9 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 8.1 | | - | 4.9 | | - | 3.3 | | - |
| 72.5 | | - | 75.1 | | - | 76.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 4,058.4 | | - | 4,124.8 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 30.9 | | 31.8 | 32.3 | | 34.3 |
| 30.0 | | - | 18.5 | | - | 15.1 | | - |
| 14.8 | | - | 28.2 | | - | 33.7 | | - |
| 13.1 | | - | 11.4 | | - | 12.5 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 61.3 | | - | 60.4 | | - | 74.4 | | - |
| 87.1 | | - | 93.2 | | 81.7 | 95.2 | | 80.9 |
| 4.8 | | - | 9.1 | | 30.3 | 6.9 | | 30.5 |
| 14.0 | | - | 11.7 | | 15.4 | 10.2 | | 14.2 |
| 11.0 | | - | 4.2 | | 25.0 | 4.3 | | 19.9 |
| 18.1 | | - | 12.0 | | 20.1 | 12.3 | | 16.7 |
| 7.5 | | - | 9.1 | | - | 7.3 | | - |
| 43.5 | | - | 44.6 | | 49.6 | 50.7 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 5.7 | | - | 11.0 | | - | 3.7 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 1.2 | | - | 4.3 | | - | 1.5 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 9.5 | | - | 24.7 | | - | 8.6 | | - |
| 44.8 | | - | 47.5 | | 43.9 | 38.6 | | 44.6 |
| 104.6 | | - | 97.3 | | 76.6 | 76.3 | | 74.6 |
| 55.4 | | - | 70.7 | | - | 64.8 | | - |
| 157.6 | | - | 286.9 | | - | 431.6 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 22,942 | | s1,747,667 | 33,960 | | 2,256,720 | 54,654 | | 2,839,076 |
| 29.5 | | s52.6 | 50.7 | | 53.7 | 56.8 | | 59.3 |
| 40.1 | | s64.3 | 62.4 | | 63.1 | 75.6 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 60.0 | | - | 66.0 | | 76.0 |
| 10,934.4 | | 19,194.1 | 17,088.6 | | 25,721.3 | 21,480.4 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 54.7 | | 65.5 | 71.8 | | 81.8 | 69.8 | | 79.5 |
| 22.4 | | 26.0 | 13.6 | | 24.9 | 14.6 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.3 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| -1.1 | | 0.6 | 6.2 | | 0.9 | 4.5 | | 3.0 |
| -6.1 | | -0.4 | 0.6 | | 0.6 | 0.0 | | 3.0 |
| 54.0 | | 55.8 | 52.8 | | 55.4 | 48.7 | | 53.3 |
| 21.1 | | 19.7 | 20.7 | | 21.2 | 19.7 | | 20.5 |
| 24.9 | | 22.3 | 19.7 | | 20.8 | 25.2 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.0 | | 14.6 | 12.5 | | 18.9 |
| 0.9 | | s1.8 | 1.2 | | 2.0 | 1.5 | | 2.2 |
| 3.6 | | - | 5.5 | | - | 8.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 63.0 | | 72.0 | 83.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 66.0 | | 65.0 | 75.0 | | 82.0 |
| 3,312 | | - | 4,281 | | - | 5,162 | | - |
| 33.0 | | - | 52.0 | | - | 46.1 | | - |
| 11.0 | | - | 14.1 | | - | 12.8 | | - |
| 25.0 | | - | 26.9 | | - | 28.7 | | - |
| - | | - | 31.3 | | - | 38.6 | | Pro50.5 |
| 58.4 | | - | 51.0 | | s44.0 | 46.7 | | s47.6 |
| - | | - | 27.1 | | - | 35.6 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 90.5 | | 101.5 | 144.7 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |