| 2,586 | | - | 2,586 | | 4,496,558 | 2,586 | | 4,494,509 |
| 441,525 | | 488,601,617 | 518,347 | | 503,506,401 | 569,604 | | Pro509,408,640 |
Population densitymean number of inhabitants per km2 | 169.8 | | - | 197.9 | | 111.9 | 217.7 | | s113.1 |
| 0.1 | | 100.0 | 0.1 | | 100.0 | Pro0.1 | | Pro100.0 |
| Pro36.9 | | - | 43.1 | | - | 45.9 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 73.5 | | 94.1 | 80.2 | | 112.9 | 85.8 | | Pro122.0 |
| 37.1 | | 38.3 | 39.0 | | 41.3 | 39.3 | | Pro42.4 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.9 | | 16.9 | 17.4 | | 15.7 | 16.6 | | Pro15.6 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 13.9 | | 15.9 | 13.9 | | 17.7 | 14.2 | | Pro19.0 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.8 | | 4.2 | 4.9 | | 3.8 | 4.9 | | Pro3.4 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.66 | | 1.46 | 1.52 | | 1.59 | 1.47 | | Pro1.57 |
| 29.3 | | 29.0 | 30.8 | | 30.1 | 31.5 | | Pro30.5 |
| 22.3 | | - | 34.1 | | Pro39.3 | 38.8 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.9 | | 5.8 | 4.3 | | Pro3.9 | 2.8 | | s3.6 |
| 78.0 | | - | 81.1 | | 80.2 | 82.4 | | Pro80.6 |
| - | | - | 211.2 | | 211,955.4 | 229.1 | | 218,965.2 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.3 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 32.2 | | 31.9 | 35.3 | | 33.3 |
| 765.1 | | s475,592.0 | - | | s663,029.3 | - | | - |
| 59.2 | | - | 77.3 | | 73.4 | 76.0 | | 76.5 |
| 18.1 | | - | 6.2 | | 13.4 | 9.3 | | 11.0 |
| N | | - | 1,435 | | - | 2,054 | | 4,609,701 |
| N | | - | 56.7 | | - | 56.5 | | 57.6 |
| - | | - | 11.2 | | - | 18.8 | | - |
| - | | - | 360.2 | | - | 343.8 | | Pro281.1 |
| - | | - | 527.8 | | 534.7 | 482.1 | | Pro514.5 |
| 22.8 | | - | 23.4 | | Pro29.8 | 24.0 | | - |
| 19.8 | | - | 21.8 | | Pro28.3 | 22.1 | | - |
| 2,067.6 | | - | 3,527.3 | | Pro2,420.4 | 4,470.1 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 15 and over per 100 individuals of same age group | 52.8 | | - | 54.8 | | 51.8 | 56.0 | | 52.1 |
| 88.7 | | - | 81.4 | | 80.5 | 80.5 | | 79.5 |
| 25.6 | | - | 35.9 | | 32.1 | 34.1 | | 32.7 |
| 6.7 | | - | 8.1 | | 15.1 | 8.9 | | 14.9 |
| 17.2 | | - | 12.9 | | 24.2 | 14.2 | | 21.1 |
| 35.2 | | - | 20.0 | | 19.7 | 20.8 | | 17.0 |
| 4.3 | | - | 7.1 | | 14.0 | 10.2 | | 14.1 |
| 49.3 | | - | 50.7 | | 49.8 | 45.5 | | 49.5 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 1.8 | | - | 4.9 | | 9.6 | 6.7 | | 9.4 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | u1.4 | | - | 3.6 | | 5.5 | 4.7 | | 5.6 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | u6.4 | | - | 16.2 | | 19.9 | 15.2 | | 19.0 |
| - | | - | - | | 42.8 | u28.3 | | 48.3 |
| 85.9 | | - | 73.7 | | 74.5 | 66.7 | | 73.8 |
| 176.3 | | 100.0 | 181.9 | | 100.0 | 182.2 | | 100.0 |
| 1,274.5 | | // | 1,757.6 | | // | 1,923.0 | | // |
| - | | - | 10.1 | | - | 9.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 1.3 | | - | Pro1.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 94.0 | | - | 93.7 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | - | | - | 5,191 | | 2,612,978 | 5,227 | | s2,874,137 |
| - | | - | 65.2 | | 52.5 | 58.0 | | s54.7 |
| - | | s64.6 | 65.9 | | 63.2 | 51.6 | | 64.5 |
| - | | - | 75.0 | | 69.0 | 79.0 | | 75.0 |
| 48,509.4 | | 20,559.7 | 69,395.3 | | 26,202.0 | 77,798.7 | | Pro28,912.8 |
| 6.9 | | - | 18.7 | | 81.1 | 21.7 | | 84.5 |
| 30.9 | | - | 30.8 | | 26.0 | 31.4 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.2 | | 0.3 | 0.2 | | 0.3 |
| - | | -0.3 | 27.0 | | -0.1 | 35.4 | | 2.0 |
| - | | -1.1 | 6.0 | | -0.3 | 5.1 | | 1.1 |
| 38.9 | | 58.2 | 31.3 | | 57.1 | 30.0 | | 56.3 |
| 15.8 | | 19.1 | 16.7 | | 21.0 | 16.6 | | 20.4 |
| 21.5 | | 21.4 | 19.2 | | 20.1 | 17.3 | | 19.5 |
| 55.6 | | 10.7 | 71.7 | | 20.6 | 77.3 | | 26.7 |
| 1.1 | | 0.5 | 1.1 | | 0.5 | 0.9 | | Pro0.5 |
| 0.8 | | - | s1.4 | | - | 1.6 | | 2.5 |
| - | | s1.8 | 1.5 | | 2.0 | 1.3 | | 2.0 |
| - | | - | 12.0 | | 6.8 | 9.2 | | s7.5 |
| - | | - | 22.9 | | - | 28.4 | | - |
| - | | - | 68.0 | | 67.0 | 95.0 | | 80.0 |
| - | | - | 86.0 | | 67.0 | 97.0 | | 76.0 |
| 13,740 | | - | 15,961 | | - | 17,571 | | - |
| 40.0 | | - | 43.8 | | 44.1 | 44.7 | | 44.7 |
| 12.0 | | - | 13.6 | | 16.8 | 15.3 | | 17.3 |
| 27.0 | | - | 27.2 | | 30.8 | 28.5 | | 31.0 |
| 62.6 | | - | 69.0 | | s51.6 | 73.6 | | Pro48.9 |
| 91.8 | | - | 92.0 | | s43.5 | 89.1 | | s45.4 |
| 99.1 | | - | 99.9 | | s33.2 | 96.1 | | s30.6 |
| - | | - | 1 | | - | 1 | | - |
| 635.8 | | 419.8 | 666.7 | | 483.1 | 669.1 | | Pro499.1 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |
| 274 | | 217,502 | 275 | | 216,191 | 275 | | 218,181 |