| 38,248,076 | | 488,601,617 | 38,063,255 | | 503,506,401 | 37,970,087 | | Pro510,899,431 |
| 7.8 | | 100.0 | 7.6 | | 100.0 | Pro7.4 | | Pro100.0 |
| s0.1 | | - | Pro0.2 | | - | Pro0.4 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 66.5 | | 94.1 | 90.7 | | 113.0 | 107.9 | | Pro123.9 |
| 35.4 | | 38.3 | 38.2 | | 41.3 | 39.9 | | Pro42.6 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.7 | | 16.9 | 15.2 | | 15.7 | 15.1 | | Pro15.6 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 12.5 | | 15.9 | 13.8 | | 17.7 | 16.3 | | Pro19.3 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.5 | | 4.2 | 5.2 | | 3.8 | 4.2 | | Pro3.4 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.31 | | 1.46 | 1.33 | | 1.59 | 1.39 | | Pro1.60 |
| 27.6 | | 29.0 | 28.9 | | 30.1 | 29.4 | | Pro30.6 |
| 13.1 | | - | 21.2 | | Pro39.3 | 25.0 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 7.7 | | 5.8 | 4.7 | | Pro3.9 | 4.0 | | Pro3.6 |
| 74.2 | | - | 76.8 | | 80.2 | 78.0 | | Pro81.0 |
| - | | - | 13,320.4 | | 211,956.4 | 14,225.1 | | 219,792.2 |
| - | | - | 2.8 | | 2.3 | 2.7 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 20.8 | | 31.9 | 23.0 | | 33.1 |
| 19.8 | | - | 11.1 | | 26.6 | 8.7 | | 23.0 |
| 13.2 | | - | 36.5 | | 34.8 | 44.6 | | 39.2 |
| 7.4 | | - | 5.6 | | 13.4 | 5.2 | | 10.7 |
| 431,104 | | - | 648,045 | | - | 487,640 | | - |
| 65.9 | | - | 66.0 | | - | 65.7 | | - |
| - | | - | 8.0 | | - | 9.9 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 59.4 | | 66.9 | 64.5 | | 68.6 | 69.3 | | 71.1 |
| 89.8 | | - | 92.0 | | 80.5 | 92.9 | | 79.6 |
| 12.6 | | - | 11.2 | | 32.1 | 10.4 | | 32.6 |
| 22.5 | | - | 19.1 | | 15.1 | 18.1 | | 14.7 |
| 23.0 | | - | 9.6 | | 24.2 | 6.6 | | 20.6 |
| 8.9 | | - | 5.6 | | 19.7 | 4.6 | | 16.9 |
| 11.9 | | - | 26.8 | | 14.0 | 27.5 | | 14.2 |
| 45.1 | | - | 45.0 | | 49.8 | 47.5 | | 49.7 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 18.4 | | - | 9.7 | | 9.6 | 6.2 | | 8.6 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.6 | | - | 5.2 | | 5.5 | 3.3 | | 5.1 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 37.7 | | - | 24.9 | | 19.9 | 16.3 | | 17.4 |
| 50.1 | | - | 37.2 | | 42.8 | 35.0 | | 46.6 |
| 75.9 | | - | 80.0 | | 74.5 | 77.9 | | 73.1 |
| 45.3 | | 100.0 | 58.8 | | 100.0 | Pro59.1 | | 100.0 |
| 197.4 | | - | 348.7 | | - | 433.9 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 77,232 | | - | 85,219 | | 2,612,978 | 111,789 | | s2,961,951 |
| 22.4 | | - | 22.9 | | 52.5 | 49.9 | | s55.9 |
| 35.8 | | s64.6 | 30.1 | | 63.2 | 65.7 | | 65.2 |
| - | | - | 65.0 | | 69.0 | 67.0 | | 77.0 |
| 9,636.5 | | 20,587.9 | 17,236.4 | | 26,251.2 | 20,151.4 | | Pro29,205.1 |
| 39.2 | | 59.3 | 50.0 | | 81.4 | 53.5 | | 83.0 |
| 15.0 | | - | 16.3 | | 26.0 | 17.2 | | Pro27.0 |
| - | | - | 0.7 | | 0.1 | 0.6 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 12.4 | 44.7 | | 16.4 | 48.2 | | 15.6 |
| - | | -1.1 | -5.2 | | -0.3 | -0.3 | | 1.5 |
| 64.4 | | 58.0 | 61.5 | | 56.9 | 58.5 | | 55.8 |
| 18.7 | | 19.2 | 18.1 | | 21.0 | 17.8 | | 20.3 |
| 20.5 | | 21.5 | 20.7 | | 20.1 | 18.0 | | 19.9 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.3 | | 13.2 | 11.3 | | 17.0 |
| 0.2 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | Pro0.5 |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | 2.0 | 1.0 | | 2.0 |
| 3.2 | | - | 3.7 | | 6.8 | 5.1 | | s7.7 |
| - | | - | 61.0 | | 67.0 | 76.0 | | 83.0 |
| - | | - | 58.0 | | 67.0 | 70.0 | | 79.0 |
| 2,636 | | - | 4,993 | | - | 6,512 | | - |
| 48.0 | | - | 43.4 | | 44.1 | 43.1 | | 44.5 |
| 16.0 | | - | 17.7 | | 16.9 | 17.3 | | 17.3 |
| 30.0 | | - | 31.1 | | 30.8 | 29.8 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | s31.7 | | s51.6 | 38.8 | | Pro48.4 |
| 15.2 | | - | 18.6 | | s43.5 | 19.6 | | 48.6 |
| - | | - | s22.6 | | s33.2 | 17.7 | | 33.5 |
| - | | - | 87.1 | | 102.2 | 113.2 | | 123.7 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |
| 1.4 | | 1.4 | 1.3 | | 1.3 | 1.3 | | 1.3 |