European figures

Summary table: Poland and EU28

Year

	2001		2011		2016
	Poland	EU28	Poland	EU28	Poland	EU28
Resident population	38,248,076	488,601,617	38,063,255	503,506,401	37,970,087	Pro510,899,431
Resident population as % of EU28 population	7.8	100.0	7.6	100.0	Pro7.4	Pro100.0
Foreigners as % of resident population	s0.1	-	Pro0.2	-	Pro0.4	-
Ageing index number of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14)	66.5	94.1	90.7	113.0	107.9	Pro123.9
Median age	35.4	38.3	38.2	41.3	39.9	Pro42.6
Young people (%) individuals aged 0 to 14	18.7	16.9	15.2	15.7	15.1	Pro15.6
Elderly people (%) individuals aged 65 and over	12.5	15.9	13.8	17.7	16.3	Pro19.3
Working age people per elderly person individuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over	5.5	4.2	5.2	3.8	4.2	Pro3.4
Total fertility rate average number of children per woman of childbearing age	1.31	1.46	1.33	1.59	1.39	Pro1.60
Mean age of women at childbearing	27.6	29.0	28.9	30.1	29.4	Pro30.6
Births out of wedlock (%)	13.1	-	21.2	Pro39.3	25.0	-
Infant mortality rate (‰) number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births	7.7	5.8	4.7	Pro3.9	4.0	Pro3.6
Life expectancy at birth	74.2	-	76.8	80.2	78.0	Pro81.0
Households (thousands)	-	-	13,320.4	211,956.4	14,225.1	219,792.2
Average number of persons per household	-	-	2.8	2.3	2.7	2.3
Single person households (%)	-	-	20.8	31.9	23.0	33.1
Population having less than upper secondary education (%) individuals aged 25 to 64	19.8	-	11.1	26.6	8.7	23.0
Population, aged 30 to 34, having tertiary education	13.2	-	36.5	34.8	44.6	39.2
Rate of early leavers from education and training (%)	7.4	-	5.6	13.4	5.2	10.7
Graduates in higher education ISCED 5-6	431,104	-	648,045	-	487,640	-
Females as % of graduates in higher education ISCED 5-6	65.9	-	66.0	-	65.7	-
PhDs per 100 thousand inhabitants	-	-	8.0	-	9.9	-
Employment rate (%) number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group	59.4	66.9	64.5	68.6	69.3	71.1
Full-time employment (%)	89.8	-	92.0	80.5	92.9	79.6
Female part-time employment (%)	12.6	-	11.2	32.1	10.4	32.6
Self-employed (%)(2)	22.5	-	19.1	15.1	18.1	14.7
Self-employed persons without upper secondary education (%)(2) ISCED 0-2 maximum	23.0	-	9.6	24.2	6.6	20.6
Employees without upper secondary education (%) ISCED 0-2 maximum	8.9	-	5.6	19.7	4.6	16.9
Employees with fixed-term contract (%)	11.9	-	26.8	14.0	27.5	14.2
Females in the total of employees with fixed-term contract (%)	45.1	-	45.0	49.8	47.5	49.7
Unemployment rate (%) number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group	18.4	-	9.7	9.6	6.2	8.6
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%) number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education	5.6	-	5.2	5.5	3.3	5.1
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%) number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people	37.7	-	24.9	19.9	16.3	17.4
Unemployed over 1 year as % of total unemployement	50.1	-	37.2	42.8	35.0	46.6
Inactive population per 100 economically active people	75.9	-	80.0	74.5	77.9	73.1
Labour productivity per hour worked (PPS, EU28=100)(1)	45.3	100.0	58.8	100.0	Pro59.1	100.0
National minimum wage (€) monthly average	197.4	-	348.7	-	433.9	-
Personnel in R&D FTE - full-time equivalent	77,232	-	85,219	2,612,978	111,789	s2,961,951
Total personnel in R&D in enterprises (%)	22.4	-	22.9	52.5	49.9	s55.9
Expenditure in R&D by business enterprise sector as % of total expenditure in R&D	35.8	s64.6	30.1	63.2	65.7	65.2
Enterprises with website or homepage (%) enterprises with 10 or more personnel	-	-	65.0	69.0	67.0	77.0
GDP per capita (PPS)(1)	9,636.5	20,587.9	17,236.4	26,251.2	20,151.4	Pro29,205.1
Gross Public Administration debt as % of GDP	39.2	59.3	50.0	81.4	53.5	83.0
Taxes on income as % of Public Administration revenue	15.0	-	16.3	26.0	17.2	Pro27.0
Emigrants remittances as % of GDP	-	-	0.7	0.1	0.6	0.1
Remittances by immigrants as a % of GDP	-	-	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.3
Balance of trade as % of GDP	-	12.4	44.7	16.4	48.2	15.6
Current account as % of GDP	-	-1.1	-5.2	-0.3	-0.3	1.5
Private final consumption as % of GDP	64.4	58.0	61.5	56.9	58.5	55.8
Public final consumption as % of GDP	18.7	19.2	18.1	21.0	17.8	20.3
Gross fixed capital formation as % of GDP	20.5	21.5	20.7	20.1	18.0	19.9
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption	-	-	10.3	13.2	11.3	17.0
Electrical energy consumption per capita tonne of oil equivalent	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.3	Pro0.5
Expenditure in research and development (R&D) as % of GDP	0.6	s1.8	0.7	2.0	1.0	2.0
Researchers in R&D per thousand economically active people	3.2	-	3.7	6.8	5.1	s7.7
Households with Internet access at home (%)	-	-	61.0	67.0	76.0	83.0
Individuals who accessed Internet at least once a week (%) individuals aged 16 to 74	-	-	58.0	67.0	70.0	79.0
At risk of poverty threshold (PPS)(1)	2,636	-	4,993	-	6,512	-
At risk of poverty rate before social transfers (%)	48.0	-	43.4	44.1	43.1	44.5
At risk of poverty rate after social transfers (%)	16.0	-	17.7	16.9	17.3	17.3
Gini index (%)	30.0	-	31.1	30.8	29.8	30.8
Resident tourists as % of resident population(3)	-	-	s31.7	s51.6	38.8	Pro48.4
Nights spent by non-resident tourists in collective tourist accommodations (%)(3)	15.2	-	18.6	s43.5	19.6	48.6
Resident tourists traveling abroad as % of the resident tourists(3)	-	-	s22.6	s33.2	17.7	33.5
Average number of passengers per commercial air flight	-	-	87.1	102.2	113.2	123.7
Speed limits on motorways km/h	-	-	130	-	140	-
Average number of victims per road accidents	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3

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EASE / ECB / European Commission / Eurostat / IEA / ILO / National Entities / OECD / UN / UNECE / UNESCO-UIS / WHO
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Notes

The Summary-table shows no methodological changes (marked by breaks in series) in the data
More information about these figures is available by clicking on each indicator.

(1) - PPS – Purchasing power standards.

(2) - The figures presented include self-employed as employers and self-employed without employees.

(3) - Trips with at least one night's duration will be accounted for. Business travel is excluded.