| 312,685 | | - | 312,679 | | 4,496,558 | 312,679 | | 4,494,509 |
| 38,248,076 | | 488,601,617 | 38,063,255 | | 503,506,401 | 37,986,412 | | Pro509,408,640 |
Population densitymean number of inhabitants per km2 | 122.3 | | - | 121.7 | | 111.9 | 121.5 | | s113.1 |
| 7.8 | | 100.0 | 7.6 | | 100.0 | Pro7.5 | | Pro100.0 |
| s0.1 | | - | Pro0.2 | | - | Pro0.3 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 66.5 | | 94.1 | 90.7 | | 112.9 | 104.3 | | Pro122.0 |
| 35.4 | | 38.3 | 38.2 | | 41.3 | 39.6 | | Pro42.4 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.7 | | 16.9 | 15.2 | | 15.7 | 15.0 | | Pro15.6 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 12.5 | | 15.9 | 13.8 | | 17.7 | 15.7 | | Pro19.0 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.5 | | 4.2 | 5.2 | | 3.8 | 4.4 | | Pro3.4 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.31 | | 1.46 | 1.33 | | 1.59 | 1.32 | | Pro1.57 |
| 27.6 | | 29.0 | 28.9 | | 30.1 | 29.2 | | Pro30.5 |
| 13.1 | | - | 21.2 | | Pro39.3 | 24.6 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 7.7 | | 5.8 | 4.7 | | Pro3.9 | 4.0 | | s3.6 |
| 74.2 | | - | 76.8 | | 80.2 | 77.5 | | Pro80.6 |
| - | | - | 13,320.4 | | 211,955.4 | 14,110.0 | | 218,965.2 |
| - | | - | 2.8 | | 2.3 | 2.7 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 20.8 | | 31.9 | 22.8 | | 33.3 |
| 19,505.2 | | s475,592.0 | 31,154.9 | | s663,029.3 | - | | - |
| 80.2 | | - | 88.9 | | 73.4 | 90.8 | | 76.5 |
| 7.4 | | - | 5.6 | | 13.4 | 5.3 | | 11.0 |
| 431,104 | | - | 648,045 | | - | 516,675 | | 4,609,701 |
| 65.9 | | - | 66.0 | | - | 65.8 | | 57.6 |
| - | | - | 8.0 | | - | 10.0 | | - |
| 441.1 | | - | 451.9 | | - | 429.5 | | Pro281.1 |
| - | | - | 662.8 | | 534.7 | 663.5 | | Pro514.5 |
| Pro21.4 | | - | 18.8 | | Pro29.8 | - | | - |
| Pro21.0 | | - | 18.7 | | Pro28.3 | - | | - |
| Pro396.5 | | - | 693.7 | | Pro2,420.4 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 15 and over per 100 individuals of same age group | 46.4 | | - | 50.2 | | 51.8 | 51.9 | | 52.1 |
| 89.8 | | - | 92.0 | | 80.5 | 92.6 | | 79.5 |
| 12.6 | | - | 11.2 | | 32.1 | 10.5 | | 32.7 |
| 22.5 | | - | 19.1 | | 15.1 | 18.3 | | 14.9 |
| 23.0 | | - | 9.6 | | 24.2 | 7.5 | | 21.1 |
| 8.9 | | - | 5.6 | | 19.7 | 4.9 | | 17.0 |
| 11.9 | | - | 26.8 | | 14.0 | 28.0 | | 14.1 |
| 45.1 | | - | 45.0 | | 49.8 | 47.0 | | 49.5 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 18.4 | | - | 9.7 | | 9.6 | 7.5 | | 9.4 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.6 | | - | 5.2 | | 5.5 | 4.0 | | 5.6 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 37.7 | | - | 24.9 | | 19.9 | 19.7 | | 19.0 |
| 50.1 | | - | 37.2 | | 42.8 | 39.3 | | 48.3 |
| 75.9 | | - | 80.0 | | 74.5 | 78.1 | | 73.7 |
| 45.4 | | 100.0 | 58.9 | | 100.0 | 59.1 | | 100.0 |
| 211.5 | | // | 348.0 | | // | 415.9 | | // |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 77,232 | | - | 85,219 | | 2,612,978 | 109,249 | | s2,874,137 |
| 22.4 | | - | 22.9 | | 52.5 | 38.5 | | s54.7 |
| 35.8 | | s64.6 | 30.1 | | 63.2 | 46.6 | | 64.5 |
| - | | - | 65.0 | | 69.0 | 65.0 | | 75.0 |
| 9,635.0 | | 20,559.7 | 17,235.1 | | 26,202.0 | 20,050.2 | | Pro28,912.8 |
| 39.2 | | - | 50.0 | | 81.1 | 50.1 | | 84.5 |
| 15.0 | | - | 16.3 | | 26.0 | 16.7 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.7 | | 0.1 | 0.6 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| - | | -0.3 | -2.1 | | -0.1 | 3.1 | | 2.0 |
| - | | -1.1 | -5.2 | | -0.3 | -0.6 | | 1.1 |
| 64.4 | | 58.2 | 61.5 | | 57.1 | 58.4 | | 56.3 |
| 18.7 | | 19.1 | 18.1 | | 21.0 | 18.0 | | 20.4 |
| 20.5 | | 21.4 | 20.7 | | 20.1 | 20.1 | | 19.5 |
| 5.1 | | 10.7 | 11.0 | | 20.6 | 13.1 | | 26.7 |
| 0.2 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | 0.5 | 0.3 | | Pro0.5 |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | - | 1.9 | | 2.5 |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | 2.0 | 1.0 | | 2.0 |
| 3.2 | | - | 3.7 | | 6.8 | 4.8 | | s7.5 |
| - | | - | 38.1 | | - | 35.3 | | - |
| - | | - | 61.0 | | 67.0 | 71.0 | | 80.0 |
| - | | - | 58.0 | | 67.0 | 65.0 | | 76.0 |
| 2,636 | | - | 4,993 | | - | 5,970 | | - |
| 48.0 | | - | 43.4 | | 44.1 | 43.6 | | 44.7 |
| 16.0 | | - | 17.7 | | 16.8 | 17.6 | | 17.3 |
| 30.0 | | - | 31.1 | | 30.8 | 30.6 | | 31.0 |
| - | | - | s31.7 | | s51.6 | 36.6 | | Pro48.9 |
| 15.2 | | - | 18.6 | | s43.5 | 19.3 | | s45.4 |
| - | | - | s22.6 | | s33.2 | 16.7 | | s30.6 |
| - | | - | 10 | | - | 12 | | - |
| 274.6 | | 419.8 | 476.2 | | 483.1 | 545.5 | | Pro499.1 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |
| 20,134 | | 217,502 | 19,725 | | 216,191 | 18,510 | | 218,181 |