| 10,362,722 | | 429,481,944 | 10,557,560 | | 440,247,483 | 10,283,822 | | Pro446,327,501 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.4 | | 100.0 | Pro2.3 | | Pro100.0 |
| Pro2.1 | | - | 4.2 | | - | 4.1 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 101.6 | | 95.6 | 125.8 | | 116.0 | 157.4 | | Pro132.2 |
| 37.9 | | 38.4 | 41.7 | | 41.6 | 44.8 | | Pro43.4 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.2 | | 16.7 | 15.0 | | 15.4 | 13.8 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 22 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.5 | | 3.7 | 3.0 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.45 | | 1.43 | 1.35 | | 1.54 | 1.42 | | Pro1.54 |
| 28.7 | | 29.0 | 30.1 | | 30.2 | 31.4 | | Pro30.8 |
| 23.8 | | 26.8 | 42.8 | | 37.8 | 55.9 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.0 | | 5.8 | 3.1 | | 3.8 | 3.3 | | 3.4 |
| 77.2 | | - | 80.7 | | 80.1 | 81.5 | | Pro81.0 |
| - | | - | 4,001.2 | | - | 4,144.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.6 | | 2.4 | 2.5 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 19.2 | | 31.8 | 22.7 | | 34.3 |
| 79.9 | | - | 65.4 | | - | 50.2 | | - |
| 11.6 | | - | 26.7 | | - | 33.5 | | - |
| 44.3 | | - | 23.0 | | - | 11.8 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 74.0 | | 65.8 | 68.8 | | 67.9 | 75.4 | | 72.4 |
| 88.6 | | - | 86.4 | | 81.7 | 89.5 | | 80.9 |
| 16.8 | | - | 16.4 | | 30.3 | 12.3 | | 30.5 |
| 25.6 | | - | 20.9 | | 15.4 | 16.2 | | 14.2 |
| 87.1 | | - | 73.6 | | 25.0 | 54.5 | | 19.9 |
| 73.7 | | - | 56.4 | | 20.1 | 42.2 | | 16.6 |
| 20.0 | | - | 22.0 | | - | 22.0 | | - |
| 50.3 | | - | 50.8 | | 49.6 | 51.5 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 3.9 | | - | 12.9 | | - | 7.1 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.6 | | - | 9.0 | | - | 5.4 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.2 | | - | 26.2 | | 20.6 | 17.9 | | 15.1 |
| 38.8 | | - | 48.4 | | 43.9 | 43.7 | | 44.6 |
| 62.8 | | - | 65.3 | | 76.6 | 69.2 | | 74.6 |
| 66.8 | | 100.0 | 67.9 | | 100.0 | Pro64.9 | | 100.0 |
| 389.9 | | - | 565.8 | | - | 676.7 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 22,970 | | s1,747,667 | 49,599 | | 2,256,720 | 58,154 | | 2,839,076 |
| 16.9 | | s52.6 | 32.3 | | 53.7 | 40.7 | | 59.3 |
| 31.8 | | s64.3 | 47.4 | | 63.1 | 51.4 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 54.0 | | 68.0 | 63.0 | | 76.0 |
| 16,164.0 | | 19,194.1 | 19,955.3 | | 25,721.3 | Pro23,359.0 | | Pro30,228.9 |
| 57.4 | | 65.5 | 114.4 | | 81.8 | 121.5 | | 79.4 |
| 22.0 | | 26.0 | 21.5 | | 24.9 | 22.9 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 1.4 | | - | 1.8 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.3 | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| -10.0 | | 0.6 | -3.7 | | 0.9 | 0.7 | | 3.0 |
| -10.4 | | -0.4 | -6.0 | | 0.6 | 0.4 | | 3.0 |
| 62.8 | | 55.8 | 65.9 | | 55.4 | 64.3 | | 53.5 |
| 19.2 | | 19.7 | 19.7 | | 21.2 | 17.0 | | 20.5 |
| 27.4 | | 22.3 | 18.4 | | 20.8 | 17.5 | | 21.2 |
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 24.6 | | 14.6 | 30.2 | | 18.9 |
| 0.8 | | s1.8 | 1.5 | | 2.0 | 1.3 | | 2.2 |
| 3.5 | | - | 8.6 | | 6.7 | 9.6 | | 8.6 |
| - | | - | 58.0 | | 72.0 | 79.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 51.0 | | 65.0 | 71.0 | | 82.0 |
| 4,889 | | - | 5,773 | | - | 6,481 | | - |
| 37.0 | | - | 42.5 | | - | 43.7 | | - |
| 20.0 | | - | 18.0 | | - | 17.3 | | - |
| 37.0 | | - | 34.2 | | - | 32.1 | | - |
| 33.0 | | - | 22.5 | | - | 32.0 | | Pro50.5 |
| 61.0 | | - | 59.5 | | s44.0 | 67.0 | | s47.6 |
| 12.0 | | - | 17.4 | | - | 11.5 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 111.8 | | 101.5 | 134.0 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |