| 10,362,722 | | 429,481,944 | 10,557,560 | | 440,247,483 | 10,286,263 | | Pro446,883,180 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.4 | | 100.0 | Pro2.3 | | Pro100.0 |
| Pro2.1 | | - | 4.2 | | - | 4.7 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 101.6 | | 95.6 | 125.8 | | 116.0 | 161.3 | | Pro134.7 |
| 37.9 | | 38.4 | 41.7 | | 41.6 | 45.2 | | Pro43.7 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.2 | | 16.7 | 15.0 | | 15.4 | 13.6 | | Pro15.1 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 22 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.5 | | 3.7 | 2.9 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.45 | | 1.43 | 1.35 | | 1.54 | 1.43 | | Pro1.53 |
| 28.7 | | 29.0 | 30.1 | | 30.2 | 31.4 | | Pro30.9 |
| 23.8 | | 26.8 | 42.8 | | 37.8 | 56.8 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.0 | | 5.8 | 3.1 | | 3.8 | 2.8 | | 3.4 |
| 77.2 | | - | 80.7 | | 80.1 | 81.9 | | Pro81.3 |
| - | | - | 4,001.2 | | 184,224.5 | 4,148.1 | | 195,593.0 |
| - | | - | 2.6 | | 2.4 | 2.5 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 19.2 | | 31.8 | 22.5 | | 34.5 |
| 79.9 | | - | 65.4 | | 27.0 | 47.8 | | 21.6 |
| 11.6 | | - | 26.7 | | 33.4 | 36.2 | | 40.3 |
| 44.3 | | - | 23.0 | | 13.2 | 10.6 | | 10.2 |
| 320 | | - | 251 | | - | 188 | | Pro258 |
| 365 | | - | 337 | | 568 | 351 | | Pro532 |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 74.0 | | 65.8 | 66.7 | | 67.1 | 75.5 | | 72.7 |
| 88.6 | | - | 86.5 | | 81.7 | 89.7 | | 80.8 |
| 16.8 | | - | 16.4 | | 30.3 | 12.6 | | 30.6 |
| 25.6 | | - | 20.9 | | 15.4 | 16.5 | | 14.2 |
| 87.1 | | - | 73.6 | | 25.0 | 50.6 | | 19.3 |
| 73.7 | | - | 56.4 | | 20.1 | 39.8 | | 16.3 |
| 20.0 | | - | 22.0 | | 15.3 | 20.8 | | 15.0 |
| 50.3 | | - | 50.8 | | 49.6 | 52.0 | | 49.8 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 3.9 | | - | 12.9 | | 9.9 | 6.5 | | 6.7 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.6 | | - | 9.0 | | 5.8 | 5.3 | | 4.2 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.2 | | - | 26.2 | | 20.6 | 16.4 | | 14.0 |
| 38.8 | | - | 48.4 | | 44.0 | 42.6 | | 41.8 |
| 62.8 | | - | 65.3 | | 76.6 | 68.8 | | 74.2 |
| 66.8 | | 100.0 | 67.9 | | 100.0 | 65.6 | | 100.0 |
| 389.9 | | - | 565.8 | | - | 700.0 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 22,970 | | s1,747,667 | 49,599 | | 2,256,720 | 61,455 | | 2,921,544 |
| 16.9 | | s52.6 | 32.3 | | 53.7 | 43.6 | | 59.6 |
| 31.8 | | s64.3 | 47.4 | | 63.1 | 52.5 | | 66.7 |
| - | | - | 54.0 | | 68.0 | 59.0 | | 77.0 |
| 16,200.0 | | 19,200.0 | 20,000.0 | | 25,600.0 | 24,600.0 | | 31,300.0 |
| 57.4 | | 65.5 | 114.4 | | 81.7 | 116.6 | | 77.5 |
| 22 | | 26 | 21 | | 25 | 22 | | 27 |
| - | | - | 1.4 | | - | 1.7 | | 0.2 |
| - | | - | 0.3 | | - | 0.2 | | 0.3 |
| -10.0 | | 0.6 | -3.7 | | 0.9 | 0.8 | | 2.5 |
| -10.4 | | -0.4 | -6.0 | | 0.6 | 0.4 | | 2.3 |
| 62.8 | | 55.8 | 65.9 | | 55.4 | 64.1 | | 53.0 |
| 19.2 | | 19.7 | 19.7 | | 21.2 | 17.0 | | 20.6 |
| 27.4 | | 22.7 | 18.4 | | 21.1 | 18.1 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 24.6 | | 14.5 | 30.6 | | 19.9 |
| 2.0 | | - | 6.1 | | - | s8.2 | | s8.5 |
| 0.8 | | s1.8 | 1.5 | | 2.0 | 1.4 | | 2.2 |
| 3.5 | | - | 8.6 | | 6.7 | 10.1 | | 8.9 |
| - | | - | 58.0 | | 72.0 | 81.0 | | 90.0 |
| - | | - | 51.0 | | 65.0 | 73.0 | | 84.0 |
| 4,889 | | - | 5,773 | | - | 6,961 | | - |
| 37.0 | | - | 42.5 | | s44.2 | 43.4 | | s43.0 |
| 20.0 | | - | 18.0 | | s16.9 | 17.2 | | s16.5 |
| 37.0 | | - | 34.2 | | 30.5 | 31.9 | | s30.2 |
| 33.0 | | - | 22.5 | | 50.8 | 35.4 | | Pro50.4 |
| 61.0 | | - | 59.5 | | s44.0 | 66.5 | | 47.3 |
| 12.0 | | - | 17.4 | | 30.9 | 11.4 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | 111.8 | | 101.5 | 139.0 | | 133.0 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |