| 5,378,867 | | 429,481,944 | 5,398,384 | | 440,247,483 | 5,454,147 | | Pro446,883,180 |
| 1.3 | | 100.0 | 1.2 | | 100.0 | Pro1.2 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 1.3 | | - | 1.4 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 60.2 | | 95.6 | 82.3 | | 116.0 | 103.4 | | Pro134.7 |
| 34.3 | | 38.4 | 37.4 | | 41.6 | 40.6 | | Pro43.7 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 19.0 | | 16.7 | 15.4 | | 15.4 | 15.8 | | Pro15.1 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 11 | | 16 | 13 | | 18 | 16 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 6.1 | | 4.2 | 5.7 | | 3.7 | 4.2 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.20 | | 1.43 | 1.45 | | 1.54 | 1.57 | | Pro1.53 |
| 26.8 | | 29.0 | 28.9 | | 30.2 | 28.8 | | Pro30.9 |
| 19.8 | | 26.8 | 34.0 | | 37.8 | 40.1 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 6.2 | | 5.8 | 4.9 | | 3.8 | 5.1 | | 3.4 |
| 73.6 | | - | 76.1 | | 80.1 | 77.8 | | Pro81.3 |
| - | | - | 1,888.7 | | 184,224.5 | 2,021.4 | | 195,593.0 |
| - | | - | 2.9 | | 2.4 | 2.7 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 19.7 | | 31.8 | 21.6 | | 34.5 |
| 14.9 | | - | 8.7 | | 27.0 | 8.6 | | 21.6 |
| 10.7 | | - | 23.2 | | 33.4 | 40.1 | | 40.3 |
| - | | - | 5.1 | | 13.2 | 8.3 | | 10.2 |
| 298 | | - | 302 | | - | 280 | | Pro258 |
| 767 | | - | 605 | | 568 | 576 | | Pro532 |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 63.5 | | 65.8 | 66.8 | | 67.1 | 75.6 | | 72.7 |
| 97.6 | | - | 95.8 | | 81.7 | 95.0 | | 80.8 |
| 3.8 | | - | 5.9 | | 30.3 | 7.0 | | 30.6 |
| 8.4 | | - | 15.9 | | 15.4 | 15.0 | | 14.2 |
| 2.9 | | - | 1.7 | | 25.0 | 2.7 | | 19.3 |
| 6.7 | | - | 4.3 | | 20.1 | 4.7 | | 16.3 |
| 4.9 | | - | 6.5 | | 15.3 | 7.8 | | 15.0 |
| 47.2 | | - | 49.3 | | 49.6 | 52.6 | | 49.8 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 19.4 | | - | 13.6 | | 9.9 | 5.8 | | 6.7 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.2 | | - | 5.8 | | 5.8 | 2.5 | | 4.2 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 33.0 | | - | 29.6 | | 20.6 | 13.0 | | 14.0 |
| 58.2 | | - | 67.9 | | 44.0 | 58.2 | | 41.8 |
| 65.4 | | - | 70.2 | | 76.6 | 67.5 | | 74.2 |
| 58.6 | | 100.0 | 76.5 | | 100.0 | 69.6 | | 100.0 |
| 102.1 | | - | 317.0 | | - | 520.0 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 14,422 | | s1,747,667 | 18,112 | | 2,256,720 | 21,196 | | 2,921,544 |
| 33.0 | | s52.6 | 17.9 | | 53.7 | 33.6 | | 59.6 |
| 67.3 | | s64.3 | 37.2 | | 63.1 | 54.8 | | 66.7 |
| - | | - | 76.0 | | 68.0 | 73.0 | | 77.0 |
| 10,300.0 | | 19,200.0 | 19,500.0 | | 25,600.0 | 21,800.0 | | 31,300.0 |
| 51.7 | | 65.5 | 43.3 | | 81.7 | 48.1 | | 77.5 |
| 18 | | 26 | 14 | | 25 | 18 | | 27 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.2 | | 0.2 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | -0.4 | | 0.9 | 0.1 | | 2.5 |
| - | | -0.4 | -4.9 | | 0.6 | -3.4 | | 2.3 |
| 55.9 | | 55.8 | 55.5 | | 55.4 | 56.6 | | 53.0 |
| 20.9 | | 19.7 | 18.4 | | 21.2 | 19.5 | | 20.6 |
| 28.9 | | 22.7 | 23.3 | | 21.1 | 21.6 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.3 | | 14.5 | 16.9 | | 19.9 |
| - | | - | 8.6 | | - | 10.3 | | s8.5 |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | 2.0 | 0.8 | | 2.2 |
| 3.7 | | - | 5.7 | | 6.7 | 6.3 | | 8.9 |
| - | | - | 71.0 | | 72.0 | 82.0 | | 90.0 |
| - | | - | 72.0 | | 65.0 | 82.0 | | 84.0 |
| - | | - | 5,385 | | - | 6,302 | | - |
| - | | - | 38.3 | | s44.2 | 37.2 | | s43.0 |
| - | | - | 13.0 | | s16.9 | 11.9 | | s16.5 |
| - | | - | 25.7 | | 30.5 | 22.8 | | s30.2 |
| - | | - | 48.0 | | 50.8 | 55.1 | | Pro50.4 |
| 38.6 | | - | 38.3 | | s44.0 | 35.1 | | 47.3 |
| - | | - | 61.1 | | 30.9 | 38.4 | | 30.8 |
| - | | - | 91.1 | | 101.5 | 84.3 | | 133.0 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |