| 8,895,960 | | 429,481,944 | 9,449,213 | | 440,247,483 | 10,175,214 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 2.1 | | - | 2.1 | | - | Pro2.3 | | - |
| 5.3 | | - | 6.6 | | - | 8.8 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 94.2 | | 95.6 | 111.8 | | 116.0 | 111.8 | | Pro132.3 |
| 39.4 | | 38.4 | 40.8 | | 41.6 | 40.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.3 | | 16.7 | 16.7 | | 15.4 | 17.8 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 17 | | 16 | 19 | | 18 | 20 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.7 | | 4.2 | 3.5 | | 3.7 | 3.1 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.57 | | - | 1.90 | | - | 1.76 | | - |
| 30.0 | | - | 30.8 | | - | 31.1 | | - |
| 55.5 | | 26.8 | 54.3 | | 37.8 | 54.5 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 3.7 | | - | 2.1 | | - | 2.0 | | - |
| 79.9 | | - | 81.9 | | - | 82.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 4,541.4 | | - | 5,243.8 | | - |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | 2.4 | 1.8 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 49.9 | | 31.8 | 56.7 | | 34.3 |
| 19.5 | | - | 18.4 | | - | 14.4 | | - |
| 26.6 | | - | 46.8 | | - | 51.8 | | - |
| 10.2 | | - | 6.6 | | - | 7.5 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 78.7 | | - | 79.4 | | - | 82.4 | | - |
| 77.0 | | - | 73.5 | | 81.7 | 75.5 | | 80.9 |
| 31.2 | | - | 40.1 | | 30.3 | 34.6 | | 30.5 |
| 10.2 | | - | 10.2 | | 15.4 | 9.5 | | 14.2 |
| 24.7 | | - | 19.0 | | 25.0 | 14.3 | | 19.9 |
| 17.2 | | - | 15.1 | | 20.1 | 12.4 | | 16.7 |
| 15.5 | | - | 16.5 | | - | 15.9 | | - |
| 57.5 | | - | 55.8 | | 49.6 | 55.0 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 4.7 | | - | 7.8 | | - | 6.4 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.3 | | - | 4.3 | | - | 3.7 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.5 | | - | 18.0 | | - | 12.3 | | - |
| - | | - | 18.9 | | 43.9 | 17.2 | | 44.6 |
| 59.4 | | - | 57.0 | | 76.6 | 51.8 | | 74.6 |
| 120.6 | | - | 120.0 | | - | 112.2 | | - |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 72,190 | | s1,747,667 | s78,445 | | 2,256,720 | 92,011 | | 2,839,076 |
| 68.5 | | s52.6 | 69.8 | | 53.7 | 73.4 | | 59.3 |
| s77.5 | | s64.3 | 69.1 | | 63.1 | 71.0 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 89.0 | | - | 92.0 | | 76.0 |
| 24,776.0 | | 19,194.1 | 33,253.3 | | 25,721.3 | 36,559.5 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 51.6 | | 65.5 | 37.7 | | 81.8 | 38.9 | | 79.5 |
| 35.1 | | 26.0 | 34.5 | | 24.9 | 35.9 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| 6.4 | | 0.6 | 5.0 | | 0.9 | 1.7 | | 3.0 |
| 4.7 | | -0.4 | 5.5 | | 0.6 | 1.8 | | 3.0 |
| 46.5 | | 55.8 | 46.3 | | 55.4 | 44.7 | | 53.3 |
| 24.7 | | 19.7 | 24.9 | | 21.2 | 26.1 | | 20.5 |
| 22.8 | | 22.3 | 23.1 | | 20.8 | 25.9 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 48.2 | | 14.6 | 54.6 | | 18.9 |
| s3.9 | | s1.8 | 3.2 | | 2.0 | 3.3 | | 2.2 |
| 10.3 | | - | s10.0 | | - | 14.3 | | - |
| - | | - | 91.0 | | 72.0 | 93.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 91.0 | | 65.0 | 91.0 | | 82.0 |
| 5,962 | | - | 10,819 | | - | 12,248 | | - |
| 34.0 | | - | 44.3 | | - | 44.3 | | - |
| 9.0 | | - | 15.4 | | - | 16.4 | | - |
| 24.0 | | - | 26.0 | | - | 27.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 78.4 | | - | 60.6 | | Pro50.5 |
| 22.2 | | - | 23.4 | | s44.0 | 25.8 | | s47.6 |
| - | | - | 46.7 | | - | 48.9 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 88.6 | | 101.5 | 106.7 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 110 | | - |