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Total personnel and researchers involved in research and development activities (R&D): full-time equivalent per 1,000 active persons

Indicator

2016

9.7

‰

1982

2.0

‰

Operations

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Proportion - ‰

Years	Total personnel in R&D per thousand of the active population	Researchers in R&D per thousand of the active population
1982	2.0	0.9
1983	┴-	┴-
1984	1.9	0.9
1985	-	-
1986	2.2	1.2
1987	-	-
1988	2.2	1.4
1989	-	-
1990	2.4	1.6
1991	-	-
1992	┴2.8	┴2.0
1993	-	-
1994	-	-
1995	3.3	2.4
1996	-	-
1997	3.7	2.8
1998	┴-	┴-
1999	4.0	3.1
2000	-	-
2001	4.3	3.3
2002	-	-
2003	4.7	3.7
2004	-	-
2005	4.7	3.9
2006	-	-
2007	6.4	5.1
2008	┴8.7	┴7.3
2009	8.6	7.3
2010	8.7	7.6
2011	┴9.1	┴8.1
2012	8.8	7.9
2013	┴8.8	┴7.2
2014	9.0	7.3
2015	9.2	7.4
2016	9.7	8.0

Sources/Entities: INE, DGEEC/MEd - MCTES, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-03-09

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