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R&D Expenditure and Government Budget
Europe 2020
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EUROPE
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Expenditure in research and development activities (R&D) as a % of GDP: by sector of performance in Europe
Average investment per enterprise: by some sectors of economic activity in Europe
Expenditure in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance (%)
Year
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
Government sector
Higher education sector
Private non-profit sector
EU27 (2020)
2019
Pro
100.0
%
Portugal
2019
Pro
100.0
%
EU27 (2020)
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
100.0
%
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Government sector
Higher education sector
Private non-profit sector
Years
1982
2019
1982
2019
1982
2019
1982
2019
1982
2019
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
66.4
x
Pro
11.5
x
Pro
21.6
x
Pro
0.6
Germany
s
100.0
s
100.0
s
70.3
s
69.1
s
13.0
s
13.5
s
16.2
s
17.3
s
0.5
-
Austria
s
100.0
Pro
100.0
-
Pro
69.9
-
Pro
7.1
-
Pro
22.4
-
Pro
0.5
Belgium
x
Pro
100.0
-
Pro
70.5
x
Pro
9.6
x
Pro
19.2
x
Pro
0.6
Bulgaria
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
67.2
x
Pro
24.9
x
Pro
7.3
x
Pro
0.6
Cyprus
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
40.8
x
Pro
8.0
x
Pro
40.4
x
Pro
10.7
Croatia
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
49.0
x
Pro
18.7
x
Pro
32.3
x
-
Denmark
100.0
Pro
100.0
51.8
Pro
63.0
21.8
Pro
2.8
25.5
Pro
33.8
0.8
Pro
0.4
Slovakia
x
100.0
x
54.8
x
20.0
x
25.2
x
0.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
73.8
x
Pro
13.8
x
Pro
11.8
x
Pro
0.6
Spain
100.0
Pro
100.0
48.8
Pro
54.3
28.8
Pro
17.7
22.4
Pro
27.7
-
Pro
0.3
Estonia
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
53.3
x
Pro
10.2
x
Pro
35.3
x
Pro
1.2
Finland
x
100.0
x
65.6
x
8.1
x
25.4
x
0.9
France
100.0
s
100.0
57.9
s
65.7
25.2
s
12.4
15.9
s
20.3
0.9
s
1.6
Greece
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
45.9
x
Pro
22.6
x
Pro
30.7
x
Pro
0.8
Hungary
x
100.0
x
75.1
x
10.0
x
14.2
x
-
Ireland
100.0
100.0
43.6
Pro
65.1
39.3
5.9
16.0
29.0
1.1
-
Italy
100.0
Pro
100.0
56.8
Pro
62.7
24.7
Pro
12.7
18.6
Pro
23.0
-
Pro
1.7
Latvia
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
26.2
x
Pro
18.9
x
Pro
54.8
x
-
Lithuania
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
43.0
x
Pro
20.5
x
Pro
36.5
x
-
Luxembourg
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
50.5
x
Pro
27.6
x
Pro
21.9
x
-
Malta
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
62.8
x
Pro
0.8
x
Pro
36.4
x
-
Netherlands
100.0
Pro
100.0
51.6
Pro
67.6
19.3
Pro
5.7
26.6
Pro
26.7
2.5
Pro
0.0
Poland
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
62.8
x
Pro
1.3
x
Pro
35.6
x
Pro
0.3
Portugal
100.0
Pro
100.0
31.2
Pro
52.5
43.6
Pro
5.1
20.6
Pro
40.5
4.6
Pro
1.9
Czech Republic
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
61.6
x
Pro
16.3
x
Pro
21.8
x
Pro
0.3
Romania
x
100.0
x
57.8
x
31.8
x
10.2
x
0.2
Sweden
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
72.0
x
Pro
4.5
x
Pro
23.3
x
Pro
0.1
Iceland
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Norway
s
100.0
Pro
100.0
s
54.6
Pro
51.5
s
18.0
Pro
12.4
s
26.9
Pro
36.1
s
0.5
-
United Kingdom
x
Pro
100.0
x
Pro
68.0
x
Pro
6.6
x
Pro
23.1
x
Pro
2.3
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-12-03
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Expenditure in research and development activities (R&D) as a % of GDP: by sector of performance in Europe
Average investment per enterprise: by some sectors of economic activity in Europe
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