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Europe 2020
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EUROPE
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector
Year
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
EU28
2016
Pro
1,881,219.0
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2016
Pro
40,746.0
Full-time Equival...
EU28
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
3,963.0
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Years
1982
2016
1982
2016
European Union (28 countries)
x
Pro
1,881,219.0
x
Pro
928,259.0
Austria
x
Pro
44,933.0
x
Pro
28,750.0
Belgium
13,410.0
Pro
53,771.0
5,662.0
Pro
28,123.0
Bulgaria
x
16,001.0
x
6,109.0
Croatia
x
┴
7,555.0
x
┴
1,579.0
Cyprus
x
Pro
855.0
x
Pro
220.0
Czech Republic
x
Pro
37,338.0
x
Pro
19,185.0
Denmark
7,255.0
s
42,923.0
2,587.0
s
25,282.0
Estonia
x
4,338.0
x
1,318.0
Finland
x
35,908.0
x
20,257.0
France
90,076.0
x
37,366.0
x
Germany
x
s
400,658.0
x
235,758.0
Greece
x
29,403.0
x
5,608.0
Hungary
21,970.0
25,804.0
12,500.0
15,247.0
Ireland
2,291.0
s
26,293.0
655.0
s
11,185.0
Italy
56,707.0
Pro
126,674.0
19,535.0
Pro
50,447.0
Latvia
x
3,152.0
x
582.0
Lithuania
x
8,526.0
x
1,956.0
Luxembourg
x
Pro
2,505.0
x
Pro
946.0
Malta
x
Pro
829.0
x
Pro
484.0
Netherlands
x
Pro
82,264.0
x
Pro
50,513.0
Poland
x
x
51,000.0
x
Portugal
3,963.0
Pro
40,746.0
655.0
Pro
12,490.0
Romania
x
18,046.0
x
4,857.0
Slovakia
x
14,149.0
x
2,846.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
8,102.0
x
Pro
4,472.0
Spain
18,782.0
126,633.0
3,409.0
47,222.0
Sweden
x
Pro
70,372.0
x
Pro
47,127.0
United Kingdom
128,000.0
Pro
291,416.0
77,000.0
110,149.0
Iceland
x
2,206.0
x
813.0
Norway
s
7,754.0
31,913.0
3,382.0
15,330.0
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
Japan
s
406,042.0
x
s
201,137.0
x
United States of America
s
551,713.0
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-07-20
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
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