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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector
Year
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
EU28
2017
Pro
1,951,250.0
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2017
Pro
44,322.0
Full-time Equival...
EU28
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
3,963.0
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Years
1982
2017
1982
2017
European Union (28 countries)
x
Pro
1,951,250.0
x
Pro
997,078.0
Austria
x
Pro
47,519.0
x
Pro
29,558.0
Belgium
13,410.0
Pro
56,067.0
5,662.0
Pro
30,326.0
Bulgaria
x
Pro
15,094.0
x
Pro
6,547.0
Croatia
x
Pro
7,856.0
x
Pro
1,666.0
Cyprus
x
Pro
1,015.0
x
Pro
260.0
Czech Republic
x
39,181.0
x
20,206.0
Denmark
7,255.0
Pro
45,277.0
2,587.0
Pro
27,495.0
Estonia
x
x
x
x
Finland
x
37,047.0
x
20,544.0
France
90,076.0
x
37,366.0
x
Germany
x
s
413,542.0
x
s
246,842.0
Greece
x
Pro
35,185.0
x
Pro
10,664.0
Hungary
21,970.0
28,426.0
12,500.0
17,527.0
Ireland
2,291.0
20,421.0
655.0
10,877.0
Italy
56,707.0
Pro
136,204.0
19,535.0
Pro
57,996.0
Latvia
x
Pro
3,482.0
x
Pro
647.0
Lithuania
x
8,691.0
x
2,504.0
Luxembourg
x
Pro
2,732.0
x
Pro
1,146.0
Malta
x
894.0
x
510.0
Netherlands
x
Pro
85,300.0
x
Pro
53,515.0
Poland
x
96,460.0
51,000.0
50,157.0
Portugal
3,963.0
Pro
44,322.0
655.0
Pro
14,948.0
Romania
x
17,518.0
x
4,467.0
Slovakia
x
15,226.0
x
3,333.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
9,293.0
x
Pro
5,743.0
Spain
18,782.0
...
3,409.0
...
Sweden
x
75,247.0
x
50,361.0
United Kingdom
128,000.0
Pro
289,674.0
77,000.0
Pro
109,856.0
Iceland
x
x
x
x
Norway
s
7,754.0
Pro
34,367.0
3,382.0
Pro
16,582.0
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
Japan
s
406,042.0
x
s
201,137.0
x
United States of America
s
551,713.0
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-11-21
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
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