| 61,201,676 | | 429,481,944 | 65,127,852 | | 440,247,483 | Pro66,965,912 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 14.3 | | - | 14.8 | | - | Pro15.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 6.0 | | - | Pro7.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 84.0 | | 95.6 | 91.2 | | 116.0 | Pro110.2 | | Pro132.3 |
| 37.6 | | 38.4 | 40.0 | | 41.6 | Pro41.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 19.0 | | 16.7 | 18.6 | | 15.4 | Pro18.1 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16 | | 16 | 17 | | 18 | Pro20 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.8 | | 3.7 | Pro3.1 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.90 | | - | 2.01 | | - | Pro1.88 | | - |
| 29.3 | | - | 30.0 | | - | Pro30.6 | | - |
| 44.7 | | 26.8 | 55.8 | | 37.8 | 60.4 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.6 | | - | 3.5 | | - | 3.8 | | - |
| 79.3 | | - | 82.3 | | - | Pro82.9 | | - |
| - | | - | 27,440.5 | | - | 29,778.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.3 | | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 34.0 | | 31.8 | 35.5 | | 34.3 |
| 36.8 | | - | 28.5 | | - | 20.6 | | - |
| 29.5 | | - | 43.1 | | - | 46.2 | | - |
| 13.5 | | - | 12.3 | | - | 8.7 | | - |
Employment rate (%)(1)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | s68.8 | | - | 71.3 | | - |
| 83.6 | | - | 82.1 | | 81.7 | 81.5 | | 80.9 |
| 30.4 | | - | 30.1 | | 30.3 | 29.2 | | 30.5 |
| 9.8 | | - | 11.1 | | 15.4 | 11.4 | | 14.2 |
| 24.6 | | - | 17.9 | | 25.0 | 11.8 | | 19.9 |
| 29.4 | | - | 22.5 | | 20.1 | 15.0 | | 16.7 |
| 14.9 | | - | 15.3 | | - | 16.6 | | - |
| 50.9 | | - | 51.8 | | 49.6 | 51.8 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)(1)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 8.6 | | - | 8.8 | | - | 9.0 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)(1)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 4.9 | | - | 5.2 | | - | 5.4 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)(1)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 16.7 | | - | 20.1 | | - | 19.5 | | - |
| 36.9 | | - | 40.7 | | 43.9 | 41.6 | | 44.6 |
| 80.2 | | - | 77.7 | | 76.6 | 79.6 | | 74.6 |
| 136.1 | | - | 125.5 | | - | Pro125.8 | | - |
| 1,105.3 | | - | 1,365.0 | | - | 1,498.5 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 333,518 | | s1,747,667 | 402,492 | | 2,256,720 | s451,423 | | 2,839,076 |
| 55.6 | | s52.6 | 59.4 | | 53.7 | s61.0 | | 59.3 |
| 63.2 | | s64.3 | 64.0 | | 63.1 | Pro65.5 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 60.0 | | - | 69.0 | | 76.0 |
| 22,815.9 | | 19,194.1 | 28,002.0 | | 25,721.3 | Pro31,701.5 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 58.3 | | 65.5 | 87.8 | | 81.8 | Pro98.1 | | 79.5 |
| 22.2 | | 26.0 | 20.6 | | 24.9 | 23.0 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | Pro0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.4 | | - | Pro0.5 | | 0.3 |
| 1.3 | | 0.6 | -1.8 | | 0.9 | Pro-1.1 | | 3.0 |
| 1.6 | | -0.4 | -0.9 | | 0.6 | Pro-0.6 | | 3.0 |
| 54.1 | | 55.8 | 55.0 | | 55.4 | Pro53.7 | | 53.3 |
| 22.1 | | 19.7 | 23.7 | | 21.2 | Pro23.3 | | 20.5 |
| 21.5 | | 22.3 | 22.4 | | 20.8 | Pro22.8 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 11.0 | | 14.6 | 16.6 | | 18.9 |
| 2.1 | | s1.8 | 2.2 | | 2.0 | Pro2.2 | | 2.2 |
| 6.9 | | - | 8.9 | | - | s10.4 | | - |
| - | | - | 76.0 | | 72.0 | 89.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 74.0 | | 65.0 | 85.0 | | 82.0 |
| 7,798 | | - | 10,897 | | - | 12,134 | | - |
| 44.0 | | - | 44.2 | | - | 45.7 | | - |
| 13.0 | | - | 14.0 | | - | 13.4 | | - |
| 27.0 | | - | 30.8 | | - | 28.5 | | - |
| 57.7 | | - | 63.6 | | - | Pro56.4 | | Pro50.5 |
| 38.1 | | - | 30.7 | | s44.0 | 31.8 | | s47.6 |
| 8.7 | | - | 10.1 | | - | 12.1 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 101.4 | | 101.5 | 129.2 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |