| 2,337,170 | | 429,481,944 | 2,059,709 | | 440,247,483 | 1,884,490 | | Pro446,867,920 |
| 0.5 | | 100.0 | 0.5 | | 100.0 | Pro0.4 | | Pro100.0 |
| 24.6 | | - | 16.5 | | - | 13.3 | | Pro8.3 |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 89.5 | | 95.6 | 129.7 | | 116.0 | 130.2 | | Pro139.8 |
| 38.2 | | 38.4 | 41.4 | | 41.6 | 43.9 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 17.0 | | 16.7 | 14.2 | | 15.4 | 16.0 | | Pro15.0 |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 15.3 | | 15.9 | 18.5 | | 17.9 | 20.8 | | Pro21.0 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.4 | | 4.2 | 3.6 | | 3.7 | 3.0 | | Pro3.0 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.22 | | 1.43 | 1.33 | | 1.54 | 1.57 | | Pro1.53 |
| 26.9 | | 29.0 | 28.7 | | 30.2 | 30.2 | | Pro31.1 |
| 42.1 | | 26.8 | 44.6 | | 37.8 | 37.6 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 11.0 | | 5.8 | 6.6 | | 3.8 | 2.7 | | 3.2 |
| - | | - | 73.9 | | 80.1 | 73.1 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 822.3 | | 184,224.5 | 868.3 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.5 | | 2.4 | 2.1 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 28.1 | | 31.8 | 41.0 | | 35.9 |
| - | | - | 11.6 | | 13.2 | 7.3 | | 9.8 |
| 16.3 | | - | 35.9 | | 33.4 | 47.7 | | 41.9 |
| 20.8 | | - | 12.1 | | 27.0 | 7.8 | | 20.9 |
| - | | - | 319 | | - | 298 | | Pro246 |
| 828 | | - | 588 | | 568 | 516 | | Pro525 |
| 14.5 | | - | 15.6 | | 28.3 | 19.3 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 66.1 | | 67.1 | 75.3 | | 73.0 |
| 89.8 | | - | 90.8 | | 81.7 | 90.9 | | 81.4 |
| 12.4 | | - | 10.9 | | 30.3 | 11.5 | | 29.4 |
| 10.2 | | - | 10.2 | | 15.4 | 12.3 | | 13.8 |
| u20.9 | | - | 10.3 | | 25.0 | 5.9 | | 18.1 |
| 14.8 | | - | 9.0 | | 20.1 | 6.4 | | 15.7 |
| 7.4 | | - | 6.7 | | 15.3 | 2.8 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 13.9 | | - | 16.2 | | 9.9 | 7.6 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | § | | - | 7.1 | | 5.8 | 4.6 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | u21.3 | | - | 28.2 | | 20.6 | 13.2 | | 15.2 |
| - | | - | 54.6 | | 44.0 | u30.2 | | 39.2 |
| 76.7 | | - | 70.9 | | 76.6 | 66.2 | | 75.3 |
| 86.8 | | - | 281.9 | | - | 500.0 | | - |
| 0.4 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | s2.0 | 0.7 | | s2.3 |
| 36.4 | | s64.3 | 27.8 | | s63.1 | 37.3 | | s66.0 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 5,476 | | s1,747,667 | 5,432 | | s2,256,720 | 7,066 | | s3,103,026 |
| 24.7 | | s52.6 | 16.0 | | s53.7 | 26.1 | | s59.8 |
| 3.3 | | - | 3.9 | | s6.7 | 5.1 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 63.6 | | 71.6 | 91.2 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 66.2 | | 65.5 | 89.8 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 53.4 | | 67.9 | 67.8 | | 77.8 |
| 7,500 | | 19,200 | 14,300 | | 25,700 | 23,200 | | 32,700 |
| 33.9 | | 100.0 | 50.9 | | 100.0 | 63.8 | | 100.0 |
| 13.9 | | 65.6 | 45.5 | | 81.8 | 44.0 | | 87.4 |
| 689 | | 970,649 | 1,414 | | 1,271,009 | 2,296 | | 1,867,494 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | 0.3 |
| -7.7 | | 0.6 | -6.1 | | 0.9 | -3.5 | | 2.5 |
| -6.0 | | -0.4 | -3.4 | | 0.6 | -4.2 | | 2.6 |
| 62.0 | | 55.8 | 61.5 | | 55.4 | 57.1 | | 50.8 |
| 20.5 | | 19.7 | 18.6 | | 21.2 | 21.0 | | 21.9 |
| 27.1 | | 22.7 | 23.0 | | 21.1 | 22.4 | | 22.3 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 33.5 | | 14.5 | 42.1 | | 21.9 |
| - | | - | 9 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 4.1 | | 1,434.3 | 4.3 | | 1,412.8 | 4.5 | | 1,311.2 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 3.6 | | 1,002.9 | 3.9 | | 985.2 | 4.1 | | 967.4 |
| - | | - | 10.1 | | - | 15.3 | | - |
| 2.5 | | - | 1.3 | | 1.4 | 1.8 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 82 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 3,566 | | - | 7,185 | | - |
| - | | - | 46.8 | | s44.2 | 40.5 | | 45.2 |
| - | | - | 19.0 | | s16.9 | 23.4 | | 16.8 |
| - | | - | 35.1 | | 30.5 | 35.7 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 19.0 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 26.2 | | 50.8 | 19.2 | | Pro41.5 |
| 52.4 | | - | 68.5 | | s44.0 | 36.3 | | 32.1 |
| - | | - | 57.7 | | 30.9 | 64.3 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 73.0 | | 103.9 | 81.5 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 110 | | - | - | | - |