| 38,248,076 | | 429,481,944 | 38,063,255 | | 440,247,483 | 37,974,750 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 8.9 | | - | 8.6 | | - | Pro8.5 | | - |
| s0.1 | | - | Pro0.2 | | - | Pro0.6 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 66.5 | | 95.6 | 90.7 | | 116.0 | 113.6 | | Pro132.3 |
| 35.4 | | 38.4 | 38.2 | | 41.6 | 40.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.7 | | 16.7 | 15.2 | | 15.4 | 15.3 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 12 | | 16 | 14 | | 18 | 17 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.5 | | 4.2 | 5.2 | | 3.7 | 3.9 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.31 | | - | 1.33 | | - | s1.46 | | - |
| 27.6 | | - | 28.9 | | - | s29.6 | | - |
| 13.1 | | 26.8 | 21.2 | | 37.8 | s26.4 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 7.7 | | - | 4.7 | | - | 3.8 | | - |
| 74.2 | | - | 76.8 | | - | 77.7 | | - |
| - | | - | 13,320.4 | | - | 14,608.9 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.8 | | 2.4 | 2.6 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 20.8 | | 31.8 | 23.9 | | 34.3 |
| 19.8 | | - | 11.1 | | - | 7.6 | | - |
| 13.2 | | - | 36.5 | | - | 45.7 | | - |
| 7.4 | | - | 5.6 | | - | 4.8 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 59.4 | | - | 64.5 | | - | 72.2 | | - |
| 89.8 | | - | 92.0 | | 81.7 | 92.8 | | 80.9 |
| 12.6 | | - | 11.2 | | 30.3 | 10.4 | | 30.5 |
| 22.5 | | - | 19.1 | | 15.4 | 17.9 | | 14.2 |
| 23.0 | | - | 9.6 | | 25.0 | 5.1 | | 19.9 |
| 8.9 | | - | 5.6 | | 20.1 | 4.5 | | 16.7 |
| 11.9 | | - | 26.8 | | - | 24.3 | | - |
| 45.1 | | - | 45.0 | | 49.6 | 49.2 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 18.4 | | - | 9.7 | | - | 3.9 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.6 | | - | 5.2 | | - | 2.0 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 37.7 | | - | 24.9 | | - | 11.1 | | - |
| 50.1 | | - | 37.2 | | 43.9 | 26.9 | | 44.6 |
| 75.9 | | - | 80.0 | | 76.6 | 77.5 | | 74.6 |
| 46.2 | | - | 59.1 | | - | 62.4 | | - |
| 211.5 | | - | 348.0 | | - | 491.5 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 77,232 | | s1,747,667 | 85,219 | | 2,256,720 | 161,993 | | 2,839,076 |
| 22.4 | | s52.6 | 22.9 | | 53.7 | 53.1 | | 59.3 |
| 35.8 | | s64.3 | 30.1 | | 63.1 | 66.1 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 65.0 | | - | 67.0 | | 76.0 |
| 9,187.1 | | 19,194.1 | 17,033.9 | | 25,721.3 | 21,654.3 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 39.2 | | 65.5 | 50.4 | | 81.8 | 48.4 | | 79.5 |
| 15.0 | | 26.0 | 16.3 | | 24.9 | 17.9 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.7 | | - | 0.5 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | -2.1 | | 0.9 | 3.4 | | 3.0 |
| - | | -0.4 | -5.2 | | 0.6 | -1.0 | | 3.0 |
| 64.4 | | 55.8 | 61.5 | | 55.4 | 57.9 | | 53.3 |
| 18.7 | | 19.7 | 18.1 | | 21.2 | 17.8 | | 20.5 |
| 20.5 | | 22.3 | 20.7 | | 20.8 | 18.2 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.3 | | 14.6 | 11.3 | | 18.9 |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | 2.0 | 1.2 | | 2.2 |
| 3.3 | | - | 3.8 | | - | 7.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 67.0 | | 72.0 | 84.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 58.0 | | 65.0 | 75.0 | | 82.0 |
| 2,636 | | - | 4,993 | | - | 6,908 | | - |
| 48.0 | | - | 43.4 | | - | 44.4 | | - |
| 16.0 | | - | 17.7 | | - | 14.8 | | - |
| 30.0 | | - | 31.1 | | - | 27.8 | | - |
| - | | - | s31.7 | | - | 41.2 | | Pro50.5 |
| 15.2 | | - | 18.6 | | s44.0 | 20.0 | | s47.6 |
| - | | - | s22.6 | | - | 18.2 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 87.1 | | 101.5 | 122.7 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |