| 8,895,960 | | 429,481,944 | 9,449,213 | | 440,247,483 | 10,415,811 | | Pro446,867,920 |
| 2.1 | | 100.0 | 2.1 | | 100.0 | Pro2.3 | | Pro100.0 |
| 5.3 | | - | 6.6 | | - | 8.6 | | Pro8.3 |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 94.2 | | 95.6 | 111.8 | | 116.0 | 114.4 | | Pro139.8 |
| 39.4 | | 38.4 | 40.8 | | 41.6 | 40.6 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.3 | | 16.7 | 16.7 | | 15.4 | 17.7 | | Pro15.0 |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 17.2 | | 15.9 | 18.6 | | 17.9 | 20.2 | | Pro21.0 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.7 | | 4.2 | 3.5 | | 3.7 | 3.1 | | Pro3.0 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.57 | | 1.43 | 1.90 | | 1.54 | 1.67 | | Pro1.53 |
| 30.0 | | 29.0 | 30.8 | | 30.2 | 31.5 | | Pro31.1 |
| 55.5 | | 26.8 | 54.3 | | 37.8 | - | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 3.7 | | 5.8 | 2.1 | | 3.8 | 1.8 | | 3.2 |
| 79.9 | | - | 81.9 | | 80.1 | 83.1 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 4,541.4 | | 184,224.5 | 5,474.2 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | 2.4 | 1.9 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 49.4 | | 31.8 | 50.1 | | 35.9 |
| 10.2 | | - | 6.6 | | 13.2 | 8.4 | | 9.8 |
| 26.6 | | - | 46.8 | | 33.4 | 51.9 | | 41.9 |
| 19.5 | | - | 18.4 | | 27.0 | 12.5 | | 20.9 |
| 320 | | - | 257 | | - | - | | Pro246 |
| 327 | | - | 270 | | 568 | 200 | | Pro525 |
| 28.4 | | - | 27.9 | | 28.3 | Pro27.8 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 78.8 | | 67.1 | 80.7 | | 73.0 |
| 77.0 | | - | 73.5 | | 81.7 | 76.7 | | 81.4 |
| 31.2 | | - | 40.1 | | 30.3 | 31.7 | | 29.4 |
| 10.2 | | - | 10.2 | | 15.4 | 10.0 | | 13.8 |
| 24.7 | | - | 19.0 | | 25.0 | 11.9 | | 18.1 |
| 17.2 | | - | 15.1 | | 20.1 | 10.8 | | 15.7 |
| 15.5 | | - | 16.5 | | 15.3 | 14.4 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 4.7 | | - | 7.8 | | 9.9 | 8.8 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.3 | | - | 4.3 | | 5.8 | 4.3 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.5 | | - | 18.0 | | 20.6 | 17.4 | | 15.2 |
| - | | - | 18.9 | | 44.0 | 22.2 | | 39.2 |
| 59.4 | | - | 57.0 | | 76.6 | 50.0 | | 75.3 |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
| s3.9 | | s1.8 | 3.2 | | s2.0 | 3.4 | | s2.3 |
| s77.5 | | s64.3 | 69.1 | | s63.1 | 72.4 | | s66.0 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 72,190 | | s1,747,667 | s78,445 | | s2,256,720 | 115,940 | | s3,103,026 |
| 68.5 | | s52.6 | 69.8 | | s53.7 | 76.7 | | s59.8 |
| 10.3 | | - | s10.0 | | s6.7 | 18.8 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 90.6 | | 71.6 | 93.2 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 90.5 | | 65.5 | 94.8 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 89.3 | | 67.9 | 90.8 | | 77.8 |
| 24,800 | | 19,200 | 33,200 | | 25,700 | 39,800 | | 32,400 |
| 121.9 | | 100.0 | 121.2 | | 100.0 | 117.9 | | 100.0 |
| 51.6 | | 65.6 | 37.7 | | 81.8 | 36.0 | | 87.4 |
| 51,239 | | 970,649 | 70,503 | | 1,271,009 | 97,498 | | 1,867,494 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| 6.4 | | 0.6 | 5.0 | | 0.9 | 4.5 | | 2.5 |
| 4.7 | | -0.4 | 5.5 | | 0.6 | 6.5 | | 2.6 |
| 47.0 | | 55.8 | 46.5 | | 55.4 | 43.7 | | 50.8 |
| 24.7 | | 19.7 | 24.9 | | 21.2 | 25.7 | | 21.9 |
| 22.7 | | 22.7 | 22.9 | | 21.1 | 25.6 | | 22.3 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 47.6 | | 14.5 | 62.7 | | 21.9 |
| - | | - | 38 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 48.5 | | 1,434.3 | 47.6 | | 1,412.8 | 43.3 | | 1,311.2 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 34.5 | | 1,002.9 | 32.5 | | 985.2 | 31.6 | | 967.4 |
| 6.6 | | - | 15.7 | | - | 20.2 | | - |
| 0.5 | | - | 0.4 | | 1.4 | 0.4 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 201 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 5,962 | | - | 10,819 | | - | 12,404 | | - |
| 34.0 | | - | 44.3 | | s44.2 | 44.6 | | 45.2 |
| 9.0 | | - | 15.4 | | s16.9 | 15.7 | | 16.8 |
| 24.0 | | - | 26.0 | | 30.5 | 26.8 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 11.3 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 78.4 | | 50.8 | 51.3 | | Pro41.5 |
| 22.2 | | - | 23.4 | | s44.0 | 13.0 | | 32.1 |
| - | | - | 46.7 | | 30.9 | 16.8 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 88.6 | | 103.9 | 86.1 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 110 | | - |