| 8,009,142 | | 429,481,944 | 7,348,328 | | 440,247,483 | 6,877,743 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 1.9 | | 100.0 | 1.7 | | 100.0 | Pro1.5 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 0.5 | | - | 1.7 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 109.4 | | 95.6 | 140.2 | | 116.0 | 149.9 | | - |
| 39.3 | | 38.4 | 42.5 | | 41.6 | 45.0 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.2 | | 16.7 | 13.3 | | 15.4 | 14.5 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16.7 | | 15.9 | 18.7 | | 17.9 | 21.7 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.6 | | 3.7 | 2.9 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.21 | | 1.43 | 1.51 | | 1.54 | 1.58 | | Pro1.53 |
| 25.1 | | 29.0 | 27.1 | | 30.2 | 27.9 | | Pro31.1 |
| 42.0 | | 26.8 | 56.1 | | 37.8 | 59.9 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 14.4 | | 5.8 | 8.5 | | 3.8 | 5.6 | | - |
| 71.9 | | - | 74.2 | | 80.1 | 71.4 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 3,005.7 | | 184,224.5 | 2,934.6 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 27.9 | | 31.8 | 32.2 | | 35.9 |
| 20.5 | | - | 11.8 | | 13.2 | 12.2 | | 9.8 |
| 23.6 | | - | 27.3 | | 33.4 | 32.7 | | 41.9 |
| 29.0 | | - | 20.0 | | 27.0 | 16.6 | | 20.9 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | - |
| 711 | | - | 645 | | - | - | | - |
| - | | - | 16.4 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 62.3 | | 67.1 | 73.2 | | 73.1 |
| 89.2 | | - | 97.6 | | 81.7 | 98.2 | | 81.4 |
| 3.6 | | - | 2.6 | | 30.3 | 2.1 | | 29.4 |
| 13.6 | | - | 11.1 | | 15.4 | 10.4 | | 13.8 |
| 28.0 | | - | 17.7 | | 25.0 | 9.7 | | 18.1 |
| 15.5 | | - | 10.3 | | 20.1 | 10.4 | | 15.7 |
| 6.8 | | - | 4.0 | | 15.3 | 3.4 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 19.9 | | - | 11.3 | | 9.9 | 5.3 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 8.8 | | - | 5.1 | | 5.8 | 2.0 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 34.9 | | - | 21.9 | | 20.6 | 13.9 | | 15.2 |
| 62.6 | | - | 55.9 | | 44.0 | 49.4 | | 39.2 |
| 94.7 | | - | 90.4 | | 76.6 | 81.0 | | 75.3 |
| 42.0 | | - | 122.7 | | - | 332.3 | | - |
| 0.4 | | s1.8 | 0.5 | | s2.0 | Pro0.8 | | s2.3 |
| 20.5 | | s64.3 | 53.2 | | s63.1 | Pro65.8 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 14,949 | | s1,747,667 | 16,986 | | s2,256,720 | Pro25,122 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 12.6 | | s52.6 | 14.4 | | s53.7 | Pro52.0 | | Pro60.2 |
| 2.7 | | - | 3.6 | | s6.7 | Pro5.1 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 45.0 | | 71.6 | 83.5 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 46.4 | | 65.5 | 73.9 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 44.5 | | 67.9 | 51.9 | | 77.7 |
| 5,800 | | 19,200 | 11,700 | | 25,700 | 18,600 | | 32,400 |
| 33.8 | | 100.0 | 42.8 | | 100.0 | 52.5 | | 100.0 |
| 64.6 | | 65.6 | 15.2 | | 81.8 | 23.9 | | 88.0 |
| 1,549 | | 970,649 | 1,864 | | 1,271,009 | 4,400 | | - |
| - | | - | 1.9 | | - | 1.6 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| -9.1 | | 0.6 | 0.2 | | 0.9 | 1.7 | | 2.6 |
| -5.4 | | -0.4 | 0.3 | | 0.6 | -1.9 | | 2.6 |
| 68.6 | | 55.8 | 62.6 | | 55.4 | 58.3 | | 51.0 |
| 19.4 | | 19.7 | 15.9 | | 21.2 | 18.9 | | 22.0 |
| 19.4 | | 22.7 | 20.9 | | 21.1 | - | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.2 | | 14.5 | 16.9 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 24 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 18.4 | | 1,434.2 | 18.6 | | 1,412.1 | 18.6 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 9.1 | | 1,002.9 | 9.3 | | 984.6 | 10.3 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 0.5 | | - | 1.7 | | - |
| 11.3 | | - | 3.9 | | 1.4 | 3.7 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 272 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 1,615 | | - | 3,499 | | - | 5,625 | | - |
| 43.0 | | - | 41.7 | | s44.2 | 44.3 | | 45.2 |
| 16.0 | | - | 22.2 | | s16.9 | 22.1 | | 16.8 |
| 26.0 | | - | 35.0 | | 30.5 | 39.7 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 27.2 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | s17.5 | | 50.8 | 18.2 | | - |
| 66.0 | | - | 66.6 | | s44.0 | 45.4 | | - |
| - | | - | s22.5 | | 30.9 | 6.2 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 107.8 | | 103.9 | 116.5 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 140 | | - |