| 10,216,605 | | 429,481,944 | 10,496,088 | | 440,247,483 | 10,609,242 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.4 | | 100.0 | Pro2.4 | | Pro100.0 |
| 1.7 | | - | 4.0 | | - | 5.8 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 86.1 | | 95.6 | 109.0 | | 116.0 | 126.8 | | - |
| 37.6 | | 38.4 | 39.8 | | 41.6 | 43.3 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.1 | | 16.7 | 14.6 | | 15.4 | 16.1 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 13.8 | | 15.9 | 15.9 | | 17.9 | 20.4 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.1 | | 4.2 | 4.4 | | 3.7 | 3.1 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.15 | | 1.43 | 1.43 | | 1.54 | 1.83 | | Pro1.53 |
| 27.5 | | 29.0 | 29.7 | | 30.2 | 30.4 | | Pro31.1 |
| 23.5 | | 26.8 | 41.8 | | 37.8 | 48.5 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.0 | | 5.8 | 2.7 | | 3.8 | 2.2 | | - |
| 75.3 | | - | 78.0 | | 80.1 | 77.2 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 4,395.9 | | 184,224.5 | 4,852.5 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 27.4 | | 31.8 | 33.9 | | 35.9 |
| - | | - | 4.9 | | 13.2 | 6.4 | | 9.8 |
| 13.3 | | - | 23.7 | | 33.4 | 36.5 | | 41.9 |
| 13.7 | | - | 7.7 | | 27.0 | 5.6 | | 20.9 |
| 290 | | - | 275 | | - | - | | - |
| 777 | | - | 706 | | - | - | | - |
| 17.7 | | - | 19.9 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 70.9 | | 67.1 | 80.0 | | 73.1 |
| 93.6 | | - | 94.5 | | 81.7 | 93.2 | | 81.4 |
| 8.4 | | - | 9.4 | | 30.3 | 10.8 | | 29.4 |
| 14.6 | | - | 17.5 | | 15.4 | 15.5 | | 13.8 |
| 4.2 | | - | 2.2 | | 25.0 | 2.8 | | 18.1 |
| 9.4 | | - | 5.0 | | 20.1 | 4.4 | | 15.7 |
| 7.3 | | - | 8.0 | | 15.3 | 6.5 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 8.0 | | - | 6.7 | | 9.9 | 2.8 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 2.5 | | - | 2.8 | | 5.8 | 1.4 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 13.6 | | - | 15.4 | | 20.6 | 6.2 | | 15.2 |
| 52.3 | | - | 40.6 | | 44.0 | 27.5 | | 39.2 |
| 67.7 | | - | 71.6 | | 76.6 | 67.3 | | 75.3 |
| 145.3 | | - | 323.9 | | - | 587.8 | | - |
| 1.1 | | s1.8 | 1.5 | | s2.0 | Pro2.0 | | s2.3 |
| 60.2 | | s64.3 | 54.4 | | s63.1 | Pro62.8 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 26,107 | | s1,747,667 | 55,697 | | s2,256,720 | Pro84,671 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 46.1 | | s52.6 | 52.1 | | s53.7 | Pro57.9 | | Pro60.2 |
| 3.0 | | - | 6.0 | | s6.7 | Pro9.2 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 66.6 | | 71.6 | 89.3 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 62.9 | | 65.5 | 87.4 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 77.4 | | 67.9 | 82.8 | | 77.7 |
| 14,600 | | 19,200 | 21,600 | | 25,700 | 29,700 | | 32,400 |
| 65.7 | | 100.0 | 71.7 | | 100.0 | 79.0 | | 100.0 |
| 24.2 | | 65.6 | 37.9 | | 81.8 | 43.3 | | 88.0 |
| 5,865 | | 970,649 | 11,803 | | 1,271,009 | 17,817 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.3 | | - | 0.4 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.4 | | - | 0.5 | | 0.3 |
| -2.3 | | 0.6 | 3.9 | | 0.9 | 2.8 | | 2.6 |
| -4.8 | | -0.4 | -2.1 | | 0.6 | -2.8 | | 2.6 |
| 49.7 | | 55.8 | 49.2 | | 55.4 | 45.4 | | 51.0 |
| 19.5 | | 19.7 | 19.8 | | 21.2 | 21.4 | | 22.0 |
| 31.1 | | 22.7 | 26.8 | | 21.1 | 26.0 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.9 | | 14.5 | 17.7 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 62 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 40.2 | | 1,434.2 | 40.9 | | 1,412.1 | 39.6 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 25.5 | | 1,002.9 | 24.5 | | 984.6 | 26.2 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 13.1 | | - | 15.6 | | - |
| 1.4 | | - | 0.9 | | 1.4 | 1.0 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 32 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 3,846 | | - | 5,993 | | - | 8,205 | | - |
| 36.0 | | - | 37.8 | | s44.2 | 36.3 | | 45.2 |
| 8.0 | | - | 9.8 | | s16.9 | 8.7 | | 16.8 |
| 25.0 | | - | 25.2 | | 30.5 | 24.9 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 15.0 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 58.4 | | 50.8 | 52.0 | | - |
| 44.1 | | - | 50.8 | | s44.0 | 20.5 | | - |
| - | | - | 28.2 | | 30.9 | 18.2 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 82.8 | | 103.9 | 99.7 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |