| 5,358,783 | | 429,481,944 | 5,570,572 | | 440,247,483 | 5,856,733 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 1.2 | | 100.0 | 1.3 | | 100.0 | Pro1.3 | | Pro100.0 |
| 4.8 | | - | 6.2 | | - | 9.2 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 79.3 | | 95.6 | 96.0 | | 116.0 | 125.2 | | - |
| 38.4 | | 38.4 | 40.6 | | 41.6 | 42.2 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.7 | | 16.7 | 17.8 | | 15.4 | 16.2 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 14.8 | | 15.9 | 17.1 | | 17.9 | 20.2 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.5 | | 4.2 | 3.8 | | 3.7 | 3.1 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.74 | | 1.43 | 1.75 | | 1.54 | 1.72 | | Pro1.53 |
| 29.7 | | 29.0 | 30.7 | | 30.2 | 31.6 | | Pro31.1 |
| 44.6 | | 26.8 | 49.0 | | 37.8 | 54.7 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.9 | | 5.8 | 3.5 | | 3.8 | 3.1 | | - |
| 77.0 | | - | 79.9 | | 80.1 | 81.5 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 2,468.7 | | 184,224.5 | 2,983.0 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.1 | | 2.4 | 2.0 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 38.1 | | 31.8 | 46.1 | | 35.9 |
| 9.2 | | - | 10.3 | | 13.2 | 9.8 | | 9.8 |
| 32.9 | | - | 41.3 | | 33.4 | 52.8 | | 41.9 |
| 19.3 | | - | 23.3 | | 27.0 | 17.6 | | 20.9 |
| 341 | | - | 264 | | - | - | | - |
| 422 | | - | 313 | | - | - | | - |
| 28.5 | | - | 33.5 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 74.8 | | 67.1 | 79.1 | | 73.1 |
| 79.7 | | - | 74.8 | | 81.7 | 74.9 | | 81.4 |
| 31.4 | | - | 37.0 | | 30.3 | 34.3 | | 29.4 |
| 8.0 | | - | 8.8 | | 15.4 | 8.5 | | 13.8 |
| 13.5 | | - | 19.4 | | 25.0 | 16.9 | | 18.1 |
| 18.0 | | - | 23.2 | | 20.1 | 17.9 | | 15.7 |
| 9.4 | | - | 8.5 | | 15.3 | 10.9 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 4.2 | | - | 7.8 | | 9.9 | 5.1 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 3.4 | | - | 5.1 | | 5.8 | 4.0 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.1 | | - | 12.7 | | 20.6 | 9.3 | | 15.2 |
| u22.8 | | - | u23.1 | | 44.0 | u20.1 | | 39.2 |
| 53.5 | | - | 58.6 | | 76.6 | 59.9 | | 75.3 |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
| 2.3 | | s1.8 | 2.9 | | s2.0 | Pro2.8 | | s2.3 |
| 68.6 | | s64.3 | 66.7 | | s63.1 | Pro62.1 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 39,892 | | s1,747,667 | 57,585 | | s2,256,720 | Pro62,169 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 64.8 | | s52.6 | 64.1 | | s53.7 | Pro59.2 | | Pro60.2 |
| 7.0 | | - | 13.9 | | s6.7 | Pro15.3 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 90.1 | | 71.6 | 96.1 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 87.5 | | 65.5 | 97.3 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 88.7 | | 67.9 | - | | 77.7 |
| 24,400 | | 19,200 | 33,100 | | 25,700 | 43,000 | | 32,400 |
| 124.5 | | 100.0 | 132.5 | | 100.0 | 139.1 | | 100.0 |
| 48.6 | | 65.6 | 46.2 | | 81.8 | 36.7 | | 88.0 |
| 49,947 | | 970,649 | 67,149 | | 1,271,009 | 102,076 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | - | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | 6.4 | | 0.9 | 7.1 | | 2.6 |
| - | | -0.4 | 6.6 | | 0.6 | 9.0 | | 2.6 |
| 46.7 | | 55.8 | 47.9 | | 55.4 | 45.6 | | 51.0 |
| 24.3 | | 19.7 | 26.6 | | 21.2 | 24.3 | | 22.0 |
| 21.3 | | 22.7 | 18.2 | | 21.1 | 22.6 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 23.4 | | 14.5 | 34.7 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 37 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 19.7 | | 1,434.2 | 18.5 | | 1,412.1 | 16.2 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 15.1 | | 1,002.9 | 14.8 | | 984.6 | 13.8 | | 967.9 |
| 6.3 | | - | 6.1 | | - | 11.6 | | - |
| 2.0 | | - | 1.1 | | 1.4 | 1.0 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 82 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 6,063 | | - | 11,510 | | - | 13,740 | | - |
| 36.0 | | - | 40.1 | | s44.2 | 41.0 | | 45.2 |
| 10.0 | | - | 12.1 | | s16.9 | 12.3 | | 16.8 |
| 22.0 | | - | 26.6 | | 30.5 | 27.0 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 15.7 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| 62.2 | | - | 67.6 | | 50.8 | - | | - |
| 38.7 | | - | 33.6 | | s44.0 | - | | - |
| 58.2 | | - | 61.3 | | 30.9 | - | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 87.2 | | 103.9 | 89.7 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |