| 5,188,008 | | 429,481,944 | 5,388,272 | | 440,247,483 | 5,541,017 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 1.2 | | 100.0 | 1.2 | | 100.0 | Pro1.2 | | Pro100.0 |
| 1.7 | | - | 3.1 | | - | 5.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 83.8 | | 95.6 | 108.1 | | 116.0 | 148.0 | | - |
| 39.5 | | 38.4 | 42.1 | | 41.6 | 43.3 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.0 | | 16.7 | 16.5 | | 15.4 | 15.5 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 15.1 | | 15.9 | 17.8 | | 17.9 | 22.9 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.4 | | 4.2 | 3.7 | | 3.7 | 2.7 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.73 | | 1.43 | 1.83 | | 1.54 | 1.46 | | Pro1.53 |
| 29.6 | | 29.0 | 30.3 | | 30.2 | 31.4 | | Pro31.1 |
| 39.5 | | 26.8 | 40.9 | | 37.8 | 47.7 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 3.2 | | 5.8 | 2.4 | | 3.8 | 1.8 | | - |
| 78.2 | | - | 80.6 | | 80.1 | 81.9 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 2,531.5 | | 184,224.5 | 2,831.0 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.1 | | 2.4 | 2.0 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 39.6 | | 31.8 | 46.7 | | 35.9 |
| 9.5 | | - | 9.8 | | 13.2 | 8.2 | | 9.8 |
| 41.6 | | - | 46.0 | | 33.4 | 44.9 | | 41.9 |
| 26.2 | | - | 16.3 | | 27.0 | 11.1 | | 20.9 |
| 349 | | - | 308 | | - | - | | - |
| 746 | | - | 553 | | - | - | | - |
| 24.1 | | - | 28.7 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 72.7 | | 67.1 | 76.8 | | 73.1 |
| 87.9 | | - | 85.0 | | 81.7 | 80.8 | | 81.4 |
| 16.7 | | - | 19.6 | | 30.3 | 24.5 | | 29.4 |
| 12.3 | | - | 12.9 | | 15.4 | 13.8 | | 13.8 |
| 29.3 | | - | 18.4 | | 25.0 | 14.3 | | 18.1 |
| 21.0 | | - | 12.9 | | 20.1 | 9.6 | | 15.7 |
| 17.9 | | - | 15.5 | | 15.3 | 16.0 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 10.3 | | - | 7.8 | | 9.9 | 7.7 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 4.3 | | - | 3.9 | | 5.8 | 4.7 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 18.9 | | - | 16.0 | | 20.6 | 12.8 | | 15.2 |
| 23.0 | | - | 22.1 | | 44.0 | 23.5 | | 39.2 |
| 58.0 | | - | 66.9 | | 76.6 | 65.5 | | 75.3 |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
| 3.2 | | s1.8 | 3.6 | | s2.0 | 3.0 | | s2.3 |
| 71.1 | | s64.3 | 70.5 | | s63.1 | 68.8 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 53,424 | | s1,747,667 | 54,526 | | s2,256,720 | 56,488 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 56.3 | | s52.6 | 57.2 | | s53.7 | 60.9 | | Pro60.2 |
| - | | - | 15.2 | | s6.7 | 16.3 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 84.2 | | 71.6 | 96.6 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 85.6 | | 65.5 | 95.4 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 92.6 | | 67.9 | 96.1 | | 77.7 |
| 23,000 | | 19,200 | 30,500 | | 25,700 | 36,400 | | 32,400 |
| 117.8 | | 100.0 | 114.4 | | 100.0 | 108.5 | | 100.0 |
| 43.4 | | 65.6 | 51.9 | | 81.8 | 72.6 | | 88.0 |
| 25,520 | | 970,649 | 29,398 | | 1,271,009 | 39,111 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| 9.5 | | 0.6 | -0.8 | | 0.9 | 0.1 | | 2.6 |
| 8.0 | | -0.4 | -1.4 | | 0.6 | 0.5 | | 2.6 |
| 47.6 | | 55.8 | 53.2 | | 55.4 | 51.2 | | 51.0 |
| 19.9 | | 19.7 | 23.4 | | 21.2 | 24.6 | | 22.0 |
| 22.9 | | 22.7 | 22.6 | | 21.1 | 23.7 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 32.5 | | 14.5 | 43.1 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 32 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 32.6 | | 1,434.2 | 34.2 | | 1,412.1 | 31.5 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 24.9 | | 1,002.9 | 25.0 | | 984.6 | 24.9 | | 967.9 |
| 6.7 | | - | 8.2 | | - | 16.1 | | - |
| 1.2 | | - | 0.6 | | 1.4 | 0.5 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 39 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 7,301 | | - | 10,760 | | - | 12,047 | | - |
| 40.0 | | - | 41.3 | | s44.2 | 43.9 | | 45.2 |
| 11.0 | | - | 13.7 | | s16.9 | 10.8 | | 16.8 |
| 27.0 | | - | 25.8 | | 30.5 | 25.7 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 8.3 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| 54.0 | | - | 58.9 | | 50.8 | 49.2 | | - |
| 25.8 | | - | 27.6 | | s44.0 | 11.9 | | - |
| 19.2 | | - | 25.8 | | 30.9 | 6.2 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 78.8 | | 103.9 | 71.5 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |