| 82,349,925 | | 429,481,944 | 80,274,983 | | 440,247,483 | 83,196,078 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 19.2 | | 100.0 | 18.2 | | 100.0 | Pro18.6 | | Pro100.0 |
| 8.8 | | - | 7.6 | | - | 12.7 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 109.3 | | 95.6 | 153.2 | | 116.0 | - | | - |
| 40.2 | | 38.4 | 44.7 | | 41.6 | 45.9 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.4 | | 16.7 | 13.5 | | 15.4 | - | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16.9 | | 15.9 | 20.7 | | 17.9 | - | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.0 | | 4.2 | 3.2 | | 3.7 | - | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.35 | | 1.43 | 1.39 | | 1.54 | 1.58 | | Pro1.53 |
| 28.9 | | 29.0 | 30.5 | | 30.2 | 31.5 | | Pro31.1 |
| 25.0 | | 26.8 | 33.9 | | 37.8 | 32.8 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.3 | | 5.8 | 3.6 | | 3.8 | 3.0 | | - |
| 78.6 | | - | 80.6 | | 80.1 | 80.8 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 38,839.3 | | 184,224.5 | 41,221.1 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.0 | | 2.4 | 2.0 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 39.8 | | 31.8 | 42.2 | | 35.9 |
| 12.3 | | - | 11.6 | | 13.2 | 12.5 | | 9.8 |
| 25.5 | | - | 30.6 | | 33.4 | 38.9 | | 41.9 |
| 17.5 | | - | 13.4 | | 27.0 | 16.3 | | 20.9 |
| 304 | | - | 258 | | - | - | | - |
| 901 | | - | 838 | | - | - | | - |
| 28.8 | | - | 28.8 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 75.4 | | 67.1 | 79.6 | | 73.1 |
| 79.7 | | - | 73.2 | | 81.7 | 70.8 | | 81.4 |
| 39.3 | | - | 46.0 | | 30.3 | 48.1 | | 29.4 |
| 9.9 | | - | 11.1 | | 15.4 | 8.6 | | 13.8 |
| 8.3 | | - | 6.3 | | 25.0 | 10.6 | | 18.1 |
| 16.7 | | - | 13.4 | | 20.1 | 15.1 | | 15.7 |
| 12.4 | | - | 14.6 | | 15.3 | 11.5 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 7.8 | | - | 5.8 | | 9.9 | 3.7 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 4.1 | | - | 2.4 | | 5.8 | 2.5 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 8.5 | | - | 8.0 | | 20.6 | 6.4 | | 15.2 |
| 49.6 | | - | 47.6 | | 44.0 | 32.6 | | 39.2 |
| 74.0 | | - | 66.4 | | 76.6 | 65.4 | | 75.3 |
| // | | - | // | | - | 1,593.5 | | - |
| 2.4 | | s1.8 | 2.8 | | s2.0 | Pro3.1 | | s2.3 |
| 69.6 | | s64.3 | 67.6 | | s63.1 | Pro66.6 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 480,606 | | s1,747,667 | 575,099 | | s2,256,720 | Pro749,851 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 63.9 | | s52.6 | 62.1 | | s53.7 | Pro63.7 | | Pro60.2 |
| 6.7 | | - | 8.4 | | s6.7 | Pro11.0 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 83.3 | | 71.6 | 91.9 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 76.5 | | 65.5 | 89.3 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 81.3 | | 67.9 | 89.4 | | 77.7 |
| 23,700 | | 19,200 | 31,700 | | 25,700 | 39,000 | | 32,400 |
| 129.6 | | 100.0 | 123.5 | | 100.0 | Pro123.3 | | 100.0 |
| 58.2 | | 65.6 | 79.4 | | 81.8 | Pro69.3 | | 88.0 |
| 229,554 | | 970,649 | 292,155 | | 1,271,009 | Pro469,447 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | - | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | Pro0.2 | | 0.3 |
| 1.6 | | 0.6 | 4.9 | | 0.9 | Pro5.5 | | 2.6 |
| -0.4 | | -0.4 | 6.2 | | 0.6 | Pro7.7 | | 2.6 |
| 56.5 | | 55.8 | 54.4 | | 55.4 | Pro49.2 | | 51.0 |
| 18.9 | | 19.7 | 19.1 | | 21.2 | Pro22.1 | | 22.0 |
| 21.8 | | 22.7 | 20.4 | | 21.1 | 21.8 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 12.5 | | 14.5 | 19.2 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 443 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 327.1 | | 1,434.2 | 297.8 | | 1,412.1 | 267.0 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 223.8 | | 1,002.9 | 211.7 | | 984.6 | 209.7 | | 967.9 |
| 3.7 | | - | 6.1 | | - | 9.7 | | - |
| 0.9 | | - | 0.7 | | 1.4 | Pro0.5 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | -271 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 9,492 | | - | 11,037 | | - | 14,002 | | - |
| 39.0 | | - | 44.6 | | s44.2 | 43.7 | | 45.2 |
| 11.0 | | - | 15.8 | | s16.9 | 16.0 | | 16.8 |
| 25.0 | | - | 29.0 | | 30.5 | 31.2 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 12.9 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| 79.3 | | - | 68.6 | | 50.8 | - | | - |
| 13.6 | | - | 18.6 | | s44.0 | 11.5 | | - |
| 58.6 | | - | 46.5 | | 30.9 | 40.3 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 100.4 | | 103.9 | 106.3 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |