| 10,187,576 | | 429,481,944 | 9,958,824 | | 440,247,483 | 9,709,891 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 2.4 | | 100.0 | 2.3 | | 100.0 | Pro2.2 | | Pro100.0 |
| 1.1 | | - | 2.1 | | - | 2.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 92.4 | | 95.6 | 115.5 | | 116.0 | 140.3 | | - |
| 38.6 | | 38.4 | 40.1 | | 41.6 | 43.6 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 16.5 | | 16.7 | 14.5 | | 15.4 | 14.6 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 15.2 | | 15.9 | 16.8 | | 17.9 | 20.4 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.5 | | 4.2 | 4.1 | | 3.7 | 3.2 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.31 | | 1.43 | 1.23 | | 1.54 | 1.61 | | Pro1.53 |
| 27.6 | | 29.0 | 29.4 | | 30.2 | 30.0 | | Pro31.1 |
| 30.3 | | 26.8 | 42.3 | | 37.8 | 26.7 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 8.1 | | 5.8 | 4.9 | | 3.8 | 3.3 | | - |
| 72.5 | | - | 75.1 | | 80.1 | 74.3 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 4,058.6 | | 184,224.5 | 4,098.2 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 30.9 | | 31.8 | 32.0 | | 35.9 |
| 13.1 | | - | 11.4 | | 13.2 | 12.0 | | 9.8 |
| 14.8 | | - | 28.2 | | 33.4 | 35.5 | | 41.9 |
| 30.0 | | - | 18.5 | | 27.0 | 13.7 | | 20.9 |
| s308 | | - | 338 | | - | - | | - |
| 792 | | - | 720 | | - | - | | - |
| 19.1 | | - | 21.4 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 62.8 | | 67.1 | 78.8 | | 73.1 |
| 87.1 | | - | 93.2 | | 81.7 | 94.5 | | 81.4 |
| 4.8 | | - | 9.1 | | 30.3 | 7.8 | | 29.4 |
| 14.0 | | - | 11.7 | | 15.4 | 12.2 | | 13.8 |
| 11.0 | | - | 4.2 | | 25.0 | 4.2 | | 18.1 |
| 18.1 | | - | 12.0 | | 20.1 | 11.1 | | 15.7 |
| 7.5 | | - | 9.1 | | 15.3 | 5.9 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 5.7 | | - | 11.0 | | 9.9 | 4.1 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 1.2 | | - | 4.3 | | 5.8 | 1.7 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 9.5 | | - | 24.7 | | 20.6 | 11.6 | | 15.2 |
| 44.8 | | - | 47.5 | | 44.0 | 31.1 | | 39.2 |
| 104.6 | | - | 97.3 | | 76.6 | 67.9 | | 75.3 |
| 157.6 | | - | 280.6 | | - | 459.2 | | - |
| 0.9 | | s1.8 | 1.2 | | s2.0 | 1.6 | | s2.3 |
| 40.1 | | s64.3 | 62.4 | | s63.1 | 75.5 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 22,942 | | s1,747,667 | 33,960 | | s2,256,720 | 61,149 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 29.5 | | s52.6 | 50.7 | | s53.7 | 60.7 | | Pro60.2 |
| 3.6 | | - | 5.5 | | s6.7 | 9.2 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 63.2 | | 71.6 | 90.8 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 65.6 | | 65.5 | 87.4 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 59.8 | | 67.9 | 63.4 | | 77.7 |
| 10,900 | | 19,200 | 17,200 | | 25,700 | 24,300 | | 32,400 |
| 55.4 | | 100.0 | 71.1 | | 100.0 | Pro68.1 | | 100.0 |
| 54.7 | | 65.6 | 71.3 | | 81.8 | 74.4 | | 88.0 |
| 5,825 | | 970,649 | 6,107 | | 1,271,009 | 8,400 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.3 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.3 |
| -1.1 | | 0.6 | 6.1 | | 0.9 | 0.3 | | 2.6 |
| -6.1 | | -0.4 | 0.6 | | 0.6 | -3.9 | | 2.6 |
| 54.0 | | 55.8 | 52.9 | | 55.4 | Pro48.2 | | 51.0 |
| 21.1 | | 19.7 | 20.6 | | 21.2 | Pro20.8 | | 22.0 |
| 24.9 | | 22.7 | 19.5 | | 21.1 | 27.2 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 14.0 | | 14.5 | 14.1 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 41 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 24.4 | | 1,434.2 | 24.4 | | 1,412.1 | 24.9 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 16.9 | | 1,002.9 | 17.5 | | 984.6 | 19.2 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 2.3 | | - | 5.8 | | - |
| 3.5 | | - | 2.8 | | 1.4 | 2.5 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 298 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 3,312 | | - | 4,281 | | - | 5,989 | | - |
| 33.0 | | - | 52.0 | | s44.2 | 44.9 | | 45.2 |
| 11.0 | | - | 14.1 | | s16.9 | 12.6 | | 16.8 |
| 25.0 | | - | 26.9 | | 30.5 | 27.6 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 10.9 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 31.3 | | 50.8 | 25.0 | | - |
| 58.4 | | - | 51.0 | | s44.0 | 29.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 27.1 | | 30.9 | 25.9 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 90.5 | | 103.9 | 120.6 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |