| 3,866,243 | | 429,481,944 | 4,580,084 | | 440,247,483 | 5,033,164 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 0.9 | | 100.0 | 1.0 | | 100.0 | Pro1.1 | | Pro100.0 |
| 3.9 | | - | 12.3 | | - | 13.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 52.1 | | 95.6 | 54.8 | | 116.0 | 75.1 | | - |
| 32.6 | | 38.4 | 34.5 | | 41.6 | 38.5 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 21.4 | | 16.7 | 21.4 | | 15.4 | 19.8 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 11.2 | | 15.9 | 11.7 | | 17.9 | 14.9 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 6.0 | | 4.2 | 5.7 | | 3.7 | 4.4 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.94 | | 1.43 | 2.03 | | 1.54 | 1.78 | | Pro1.53 |
| 30.5 | | 29.0 | 31.5 | | 30.2 | 32.7 | | Pro31.1 |
| 31.3 | | 26.8 | 33.9 | | 37.8 | - | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.7 | | 5.8 | 3.5 | | 3.8 | 3.0 | | - |
| 77.2 | | - | 80.9 | | 80.1 | 82.4 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 1,667.2 | | 184,224.5 | 1,949.7 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.7 | | 2.4 | 2.6 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 21.8 | | 31.8 | 28.4 | | 35.9 |
| - | | - | 11.1 | | 13.2 | 3.3 | | 9.8 |
| 30.6 | | - | 51.0 | | 33.4 | 62.0 | | 41.9 |
| 40.8 | | - | 26.1 | | 27.0 | 12.5 | | 20.9 |
| 422 | | - | 244 | | - | - | | - |
| - | | - | 262 | | - | - | | - |
| 15.8 | | - | 24.8 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 64.5 | | 67.1 | 74.9 | | 73.1 |
| 83.4 | | - | 76.2 | | 81.7 | 79.1 | | 81.4 |
| 31.3 | | - | 35.5 | | 30.3 | 30.5 | | 29.4 |
| 17.3 | | - | 16.1 | | 15.4 | 13.1 | | 13.8 |
| 39.1 | | - | 23.4 | | 25.0 | 14.1 | | 18.1 |
| 29.2 | | - | 15.9 | | 20.1 | 8.0 | | 15.7 |
| 4.6 | | - | 10.9 | | 15.3 | 9.4 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 3.7 | | - | 15.4 | | 9.9 | 6.2 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 1.7 | | - | 8.2 | | 5.8 | 4.2 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 5.2 | | - | 26.6 | | 20.6 | 11.8 | | 15.2 |
| - | | - | 56.8 | | 44.0 | u28.4 | | 39.2 |
| 69.0 | | - | 61.4 | | 76.6 | 58.0 | | 75.3 |
| 976.8 | | - | 1,461.9 | | - | 1,723.8 | | - |
| 1.1 | | s1.8 | s1.6 | | s2.0 | Pro1.1 | | s2.3 |
| 70.1 | | s64.3 | s69.8 | | s63.1 | Pro79.7 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 13,317 | | s1,747,667 | s21,591 | | s2,256,720 | Pro34,721 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 68.5 | | s52.6 | 65.4 | | s53.7 | Pro58.7 | | Pro60.2 |
| 5.1 | | - | s7.0 | | s6.7 | Pro9.4 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 78.1 | | 71.6 | 97.5 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 71.4 | | 65.5 | 98.0 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 70.1 | | 67.9 | 82.4 | | 77.7 |
| 27,000 | | 19,200 | 33,600 | | 25,700 | 70,900 | | 32,400 |
| 120.7 | | 100.0 | 140.7 | | 100.0 | 209.7 | | 100.0 |
| 33.6 | | 65.6 | 110.5 | | 81.8 | 55.4 | | 88.0 |
| 15,031 | | 970,649 | 19,435 | | 1,271,009 | 44,737 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | 18.7 | | 0.9 | 39.4 | | 2.6 |
| - | | -0.4 | -1.6 | | 0.6 | 14.2 | | 2.6 |
| 45.6 | | 55.8 | 46.0 | | 55.4 | 23.6 | | 51.0 |
| 15.4 | | 19.7 | 19.1 | | 21.2 | 12.3 | | 22.0 |
| 23.9 | | 22.7 | 16.7 | | 21.1 | - | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 6.6 | | 14.5 | 12.5 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 41 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 14.6 | | 1,434.2 | 13.6 | | 1,412.1 | 13.9 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 11.3 | | 1,002.9 | 11.0 | | 984.6 | 11.4 | | 967.9 |
| 0.7 | | - | s1.1 | | - | 2.0 | | - |
| 2.1 | | - | 1.1 | | 1.4 | 0.9 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 336 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 7,663 | | - | 9,977 | | - | 12,059 | | - |
| 36.0 | | - | 50.5 | | s44.2 | 43.3 | | 45.2 |
| 21.0 | | - | 15.2 | | s16.9 | 12.9 | | 16.8 |
| 29.0 | | - | 29.8 | | 30.5 | 26.9 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 10.4 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | 50.8 | 45.1 | | - |
| 67.4 | | - | u64.7 | | s44.0 | - | | - |
| - | | - | § | | 30.9 | 33.8 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 118.5 | | 103.9 | 109.3 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |