| 56,974,100 | | 429,481,944 | 59,379,449 | | 440,247,483 | 59,133,173 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 13.3 | | 100.0 | 13.5 | | 100.0 | Pro13.2 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 6.5 | | - | 8.7 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 130.5 | | 95.6 | 147.2 | | 116.0 | 185.1 | | - |
| 40.4 | | 38.4 | 43.7 | | 41.6 | 47.6 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 14.2 | | 16.7 | 14.0 | | 15.4 | 12.8 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 18.6 | | 15.9 | 20.7 | | 17.9 | 23.7 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.6 | | 4.2 | 3.2 | | 3.7 | 2.7 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.25 | | 1.43 | 1.44 | | 1.54 | 1.25 | | Pro1.53 |
| 30.5 | | 29.0 | 31.4 | | 30.2 | 32.4 | | Pro31.1 |
| 10.3 | | 26.8 | 23.7 | | 37.8 | 38.1 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.4 | | 5.8 | 2.9 | | 3.8 | - | | - |
| 80.3 | | - | 82.4 | | 80.1 | 82.7 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 24,921.7 | | 184,224.5 | 25,787.9 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 31.2 | | 31.8 | 33.5 | | 35.9 |
| 25.9 | | - | 17.8 | | 13.2 | 12.7 | | 9.8 |
| 12.2 | | - | 20.4 | | 33.4 | 26.8 | | 41.9 |
| 57.0 | | - | 44.0 | | 27.0 | 37.3 | | 20.9 |
| s174 | | - | 156 | | - | - | | - |
| 461 | | - | 352 | | - | - | | - |
| 23.6 | | - | 28.1 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 60.5 | | 67.1 | 62.7 | | 73.1 |
| 90.9 | | - | 84.6 | | 81.7 | 81.4 | | 81.4 |
| 17.8 | | - | 29.2 | | 30.3 | 31.6 | | 29.4 |
| 23.7 | | - | 23.5 | | 15.4 | 20.8 | | 13.8 |
| 51.7 | | - | 37.2 | | 25.0 | 29.8 | | 18.1 |
| 44.1 | | - | 33.7 | | 20.1 | 28.5 | | 15.7 |
| 9.6 | | - | 13.3 | | 15.3 | 16.6 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 9.6 | | - | 8.4 | | 9.9 | 9.5 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.5 | | - | 5.3 | | 5.8 | 5.1 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 25.9 | | - | 26.0 | | 20.6 | 26.8 | | 15.2 |
| 62.9 | | - | 51.6 | | 44.0 | 56.8 | | 39.2 |
| 107.1 | | - | 107.7 | | 76.6 | 105.9 | | 75.3 |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
| 1.0 | | s1.8 | 1.2 | | s2.0 | 1.5 | | s2.3 |
| 49.1 | | s64.3 | 54.6 | | s63.1 | 61.4 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 153,905 | | s1,747,667 | 228,094 | | s2,256,720 | 357,696 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 42.4 | | s52.6 | 49.3 | | s53.7 | 62.1 | | Pro60.2 |
| 2.9 | | - | 4.4 | | s6.7 | 7.1 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 61.6 | | 71.6 | 90.5 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 50.7 | | 65.5 | 80.1 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 62.6 | | 67.9 | 74.8 | | 77.7 |
| 23,200 | | 19,200 | 27,000 | | 25,700 | 30,900 | | 32,400 |
| 119.4 | | 100.0 | 105.8 | | 100.0 | 100.8 | | 100.0 |
| 108.9 | | 65.6 | 119.7 | | 81.8 | 149.9 | | 88.0 |
| 177,788 | | 970,649 | 219,102 | | 1,271,009 | 257,607 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.4 | | - | 0.4 | | 0.3 |
| 1.2 | | 0.6 | -1.3 | | 0.9 | 2.3 | | 2.6 |
| 0.2 | | -0.4 | -2.8 | | 0.6 | 3.1 | | 2.6 |
| 59.5 | | 55.8 | 61.1 | | 55.4 | 57.3 | | 51.0 |
| 18.4 | | 19.7 | 19.8 | | 21.2 | 19.7 | | 22.0 |
| 20.7 | | 22.7 | 19.7 | | 21.1 | 20.0 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 12.9 | | 14.5 | 19.0 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 301 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 165.4 | | 1,434.2 | 162.0 | | 1,412.1 | 145.3 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 126.1 | | 1,002.9 | 123.2 | | 984.6 | 113.3 | | 967.9 |
| 8.0 | | - | 8.4 | | - | 16.8 | | - |
| 2.4 | | - | 1.7 | | 1.4 | 1.9 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 1,776 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 6,641 | | - | 9,466 | | - | 10,383 | | - |
| 42.0 | | - | 45.3 | | s44.2 | 48.5 | | 45.2 |
| 19.0 | | - | 19.8 | | s16.9 | 20.1 | | 16.8 |
| 29.0 | | - | 32.5 | | 30.5 | 32.9 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 14.5 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| 48.6 | | - | 45.1 | | 50.8 | 28.5 | | - |
| 41.9 | | - | 45.6 | | s44.0 | 36.7 | | - |
| 14.4 | | - | 21.5 | | 30.9 | 10.1 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 111.0 | | 103.9 | 104.7 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |