| 3,470,818 | | 429,481,944 | 3,028,115 | | 440,247,483 | 2,800,839 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 0.8 | | 100.0 | 0.7 | | 100.0 | Pro0.6 | | Pro100.0 |
| 1.0 | | - | 0.8 | | - | 2.9 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 73.4 | | 95.6 | 121.2 | | 116.0 | 133.1 | | - |
| 36.2 | | 38.4 | 41.1 | | 41.6 | 44.1 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 19.3 | | 16.7 | 14.8 | | 15.4 | 15.0 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 14.2 | | 15.9 | 18.0 | | 17.9 | 20.0 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.7 | | 4.2 | 3.7 | | 3.7 | 3.3 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.29 | | 1.43 | 1.55 | | 1.54 | 1.36 | | Pro1.53 |
| 26.8 | | 29.0 | 28.9 | | 30.2 | 30.4 | | Pro31.1 |
| 25.4 | | 26.8 | 27.7 | | 37.8 | 25.6 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 8.0 | | 5.8 | 4.8 | | 3.8 | 3.1 | | - |
| 71.6 | | - | 73.7 | | 80.1 | 74.2 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 1,325.9 | | 184,224.5 | 1,395.5 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.3 | | 2.4 | 2.0 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 35.8 | | 31.8 | 44.7 | | 35.9 |
| 14.9 | | - | 7.4 | | 13.2 | 5.3 | | 9.8 |
| 21.2 | | - | 45.7 | | 33.4 | 60.2 | | 41.9 |
| 15.8 | | - | 7.1 | | 27.0 | 5.1 | | 20.9 |
| 259 | | - | 227 | | - | - | | - |
| 833 | | - | 743 | | - | - | | - |
| 14.7 | | - | 17.0 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 66.9 | | 67.1 | 77.4 | | 73.1 |
| 91.2 | | - | 91.1 | | 81.7 | 93.1 | | 81.4 |
| 10.0 | | - | 10.5 | | 30.3 | 8.9 | | 29.4 |
| 16.7 | | - | 9.2 | | 15.4 | 11.0 | | 13.8 |
| 21.6 | | - | u6.5 | | 25.0 | 5.5 | | 18.1 |
| 7.4 | | - | 3.4 | | 20.1 | 3.6 | | 15.7 |
| 6.6 | | - | 2.7 | | 15.3 | 1.9 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 16.9 | | - | 15.4 | | 9.9 | 7.1 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 7.3 | | - | 6.2 | | 5.8 | 4.1 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 29.2 | | - | 31.0 | | 20.6 | 14.0 | | 15.2 |
| 56.1 | | - | 52.1 | | 44.0 | 36.6 | | 39.2 |
| 69.3 | | - | 74.2 | | 76.6 | 60.5 | | 75.3 |
| 121.1 | | - | 231.7 | | - | 642.0 | | - |
| 0.7 | | s1.8 | 0.9 | | s2.0 | 1.1 | | s2.3 |
| 29.1 | | s64.3 | 26.2 | | s63.1 | 49.0 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 11,949 | | s1,747,667 | 11,173 | | s2,256,720 | 14,891 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 5.4 | | s52.6 | 18.7 | | s53.7 | 38.0 | | Pro60.2 |
| 5.0 | | - | 5.8 | | s6.7 | 7.8 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 60.1 | | 71.6 | 86.6 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 60.0 | | 65.5 | 85.6 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 67.7 | | 67.9 | 77.9 | | 77.7 |
| 7,800 | | 19,200 | 17,100 | | 25,700 | 29,000 | | 32,400 |
| 42.1 | | 100.0 | 62.4 | | 100.0 | 73.5 | | 100.0 |
| 23.3 | | 65.6 | 37.1 | | 81.8 | 43.7 | | 88.0 |
| 1,057 | | 970,649 | 1,346 | | 1,271,009 | 5,430 | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | 1.1 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | 0.4 | | 0.3 |
| -5.7 | | 0.6 | -2.7 | | 0.9 | 4.5 | | 2.6 |
| -3.8 | | -0.4 | -3.7 | | 0.6 | 1.1 | | 2.6 |
| 65.2 | | 55.8 | 62.4 | | 55.4 | 58.3 | | 51.0 |
| 21.2 | | 19.7 | 18.3 | | 21.2 | 17.5 | | 22.0 |
| 20.5 | | 22.7 | 18.5 | | 21.1 | 21.4 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 19.9 | | 14.5 | 28.2 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 13 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 7.5 | | 1,434.2 | 5.9 | | 1,412.1 | 6.6 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 3.9 | | 1,002.9 | 4.8 | | 984.6 | 5.7 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 5.4 | | - | 8.9 | | - |
| 2.7 | | - | 2.9 | | 1.4 | 2.7 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 101 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 2,120 | | - | 3,641 | | - | 8,245 | | - |
| 41.0 | | - | 49.0 | | s44.2 | 42.5 | | 45.2 |
| 17.0 | | - | 19.2 | | s16.9 | 20.0 | | 16.8 |
| 31.0 | | - | 33.0 | | 30.5 | 35.4 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 4.8 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 37.8 | | 50.8 | 11.6 | | - |
| 48.9 | | - | 57.6 | | s44.0 | 21.3 | | - |
| - | | - | 72.8 | | 30.9 | 46.0 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 80.3 | | 103.9 | 96.6 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |