| 22,131,970 | | 429,481,944 | 20,147,528 | | 440,247,483 | s19,122,059 | | Pro446,867,920 |
| 5.2 | | 100.0 | 4.6 | | 100.0 | Pro4.3 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | - | | - | s0.8 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 76.7 | | 95.6 | 101.8 | | 116.0 | s121.2 | | - |
| 34.4 | | 38.4 | 40.1 | | 41.6 | 43.0 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 17.9 | | 16.7 | 15.8 | | 15.4 | s16.0 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 13.7 | | 15.9 | 16.1 | | 17.9 | s19.4 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.0 | | 4.2 | 4.2 | | 3.7 | s3.3 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.27 | | 1.43 | 1.47 | | 1.54 | s1.81 | | Pro1.53 |
| 25.9 | | 29.0 | 27.1 | | 30.2 | s28.2 | | Pro31.1 |
| 26.7 | | 26.8 | 30.0 | | 37.8 | 33.3 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 18.4 | | 5.8 | 9.4 | | 3.8 | 5.2 | | 3.2 |
| 71.1 | | - | 74.4 | | 80.1 | s72.8 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 7,426.8 | | 184,224.5 | 7,450.8 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.7 | | 2.4 | 2.6 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 25.0 | | 31.8 | 30.6 | | 35.9 |
| 21.7 | | - | 18.1 | | 13.2 | 15.3 | | 9.8 |
| 8.8 | | - | 20.3 | | 33.4 | 24.8 | | 41.9 |
| 29.4 | | - | 25.5 | | 27.0 | 19.0 | | 20.9 |
| - | | - | 394 | | - | s285 | | Pro246 |
| 783 | | - | 650 | | 568 | s721 | | Pro525 |
| 12.8 | | - | 15.8 | | 28.3 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 56.0 | | 67.1 | 67.1 | | 73.1 |
| 83.2 | | - | 89.3 | | 81.7 | 96.1 | | 81.4 |
| 19.1 | | - | 11.8 | | 30.3 | 3.3 | | 29.4 |
| 25.7 | | - | 20.9 | | 15.4 | 12.1 | | 13.8 |
| 53.4 | | - | 42.1 | | 25.0 | 33.6 | | 18.1 |
| 9.3 | | - | 8.1 | | 20.1 | 7.7 | | 15.7 |
| 3.0 | | - | 1.4 | | 15.3 | 2.4 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 6.7 | | - | 7.2 | | 9.9 | 5.6 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 3.9 | | - | 4.7 | | 5.8 | 2.1 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 17.4 | | - | 22.5 | | 20.6 | 17.4 | | 15.2 |
| 48.6 | | - | u41.0 | | 44.0 | 36.6 | | 39.2 |
| 58.3 | | - | 84.8 | | 76.6 | 95.8 | | 75.3 |
| 49.0 | | - | 157.5 | | - | 462.4 | | - |
| 0.4 | | s1.8 | 0.5 | | s2.0 | Pro0.5 | | s2.3 |
| 61.6 | | s64.3 | 36.0 | | s63.1 | 60.4 | | s66.0 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 32,639 | | s1,747,667 | 29,749 | | s2,256,720 | 34,270 | | s3,103,026 |
| 61.1 | | s52.6 | 33.6 | | s53.7 | 40.0 | | s59.8 |
| 1.9 | | - | 1.8 | | s6.7 | 2.4 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 47.4 | | 71.6 | 88.7 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 37.4 | | 65.5 | 81.8 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 33.7 | | 67.9 | 51.2 | | 77.7 |
| 5,300 | | 19,200 | 14,000 | | 25,700 | 23,900 | | 32,400 |
| 23.6 | | 100.0 | 51.5 | | 100.0 | Pro67.8 | | 100.0 |
| 24.2 | | 65.6 | 31.7 | | 81.8 | Pro48.4 | | 88.0 |
| - | | 970,649 | - | | 1,271,009 | - | | 1,867,494 |
| - | | - | - | | - | Pro1.6 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | Pro0.2 | | 0.3 |
| -7.7 | | 0.6 | -5.6 | | 0.9 | Pro-5.7 | | 2.6 |
| -5.6 | | -0.4 | -4.8 | | 0.6 | Pro-7.2 | | 2.6 |
| 69.2 | | 55.8 | 64.5 | | 55.4 | Pro62.4 | | 50.9 |
| 15.8 | | 19.7 | 13.5 | | 21.2 | Pro17.7 | | 22.0 |
| 21.0 | | 22.7 | 27.2 | | 21.1 | - | | 22.3 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 21.7 | | 14.5 | 23.6 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 70 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 35.2 | | 1,434.2 | 33.5 | | 1,412.1 | 33.1 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 23.2 | | 1,002.9 | 22.7 | | 984.6 | 25.4 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 1.6 | | - | 4.4 | | - |
| 12.6 | | - | 5.9 | | 1.4 | Pro4.2 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | -849 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 2,186 | | - | 5,204 | | - |
| 41.0 | | - | 51.4 | | s44.2 | 45.9 | | 45.2 |
| 17.0 | | - | 22.3 | | s16.9 | 22.5 | | 16.8 |
| 30.0 | | - | 33.5 | | 30.5 | 34.3 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 16.3 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | 50.8 | s10.6 | | - |
| 13.2 | | - | 17.1 | | s44.0 | 8.9 | | 32.1 |
| - | | - | § | | 30.9 | 11.0 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 80.7 | | 103.9 | 107.5 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |