| 5,378,867 | | 429,481,944 | 5,398,384 | | 440,247,483 | 5,447,247 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 1.3 | | 100.0 | 1.2 | | 100.0 | Pro1.2 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 1.3 | | - | 1.5 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 60.2 | | 95.6 | 82.3 | | 116.0 | - | | - |
| 34.3 | | 38.4 | 37.4 | | 41.6 | 41.4 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 19.0 | | 16.7 | 15.4 | | 15.4 | - | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 11.4 | | 15.9 | 12.7 | | 17.9 | - | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 6.1 | | 4.2 | 5.7 | | 3.7 | - | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.20 | | 1.43 | 1.45 | | 1.54 | 1.63 | | Pro1.53 |
| 26.8 | | 29.0 | 28.9 | | 30.2 | 28.9 | | Pro31.1 |
| 19.8 | | 26.8 | 34.0 | | 37.8 | 41.0 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 6.2 | | 5.8 | 4.9 | | 3.8 | 4.9 | | - |
| 73.6 | | - | 76.1 | | 80.1 | 74.6 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 1,888.7 | | 184,224.5 | 1,852.1 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.9 | | 2.4 | 2.9 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 19.7 | | 31.8 | 17.4 | | 35.9 |
| - | | - | 5.1 | | 13.2 | 7.8 | | 9.8 |
| 10.7 | | - | 23.2 | | 33.4 | 40.2 | | 41.9 |
| 14.9 | | - | 8.7 | | 27.0 | 6.7 | | 20.9 |
| 298 | | - | 302 | | - | - | | - |
| 767 | | - | 605 | | - | - | | - |
| 18.7 | | - | 17.5 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 66.8 | | 67.1 | 74.6 | | 73.1 |
| 97.6 | | - | 95.8 | | 81.7 | 96.4 | | 81.4 |
| 3.8 | | - | 5.9 | | 30.3 | 5.1 | | 29.4 |
| 8.4 | | - | 15.9 | | 15.4 | 14.9 | | 13.8 |
| 2.9 | | - | 1.7 | | 25.0 | § | | 18.1 |
| 6.7 | | - | 4.3 | | 20.1 | 2.8 | | 15.7 |
| 4.9 | | - | 6.5 | | 15.3 | 4.1 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 19.4 | | - | 13.6 | | 9.9 | 6.8 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.2 | | - | 5.8 | | 5.8 | 2.9 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 33.0 | | - | 29.6 | | 20.6 | 18.1 | | 15.2 |
| 58.2 | | - | 67.9 | | 44.0 | 56.6 | | 39.2 |
| 65.4 | | - | 70.2 | | 76.6 | 65.0 | | 75.3 |
| 102.1 | | - | 317.0 | | - | 623.0 | | - |
| 0.6 | | s1.8 | 0.7 | | s2.0 | 0.9 | | s2.3 |
| 67.3 | | s64.3 | 37.2 | | s63.1 | 56.0 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 14,422 | | s1,747,667 | 18,112 | | s2,256,720 | 22,358 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 33.0 | | s52.6 | 17.9 | | s53.7 | 37.0 | | Pro60.2 |
| 3.7 | | - | 5.7 | | s6.7 | 6.5 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 70.8 | | 71.6 | 90.0 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 71.6 | | 65.5 | 87.2 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 75.9 | | 67.9 | 75.7 | | 77.7 |
| 10,300 | | 19,200 | 19,600 | | 25,700 | 22,500 | | 32,400 |
| 58.6 | | 100.0 | 76.8 | | 100.0 | 74.4 | | 100.0 |
| 51.7 | | 65.6 | 43.2 | | 81.8 | 62.2 | | 88.0 |
| 1,662 | | 970,649 | 3,842 | | 1,271,009 | 7,699 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.2 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | -0.4 | | 0.9 | 0.0 | | 2.6 |
| - | | -0.4 | -4.9 | | 0.6 | -2.5 | | 2.6 |
| 55.9 | | 55.8 | 55.3 | | 55.4 | 57.2 | | 51.0 |
| 20.9 | | 19.7 | 18.3 | | 21.2 | 21.5 | | 22.0 |
| 28.9 | | 22.7 | 23.2 | | 21.1 | 18.9 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 10.3 | | 14.5 | 17.4 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 22 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 17.2 | | 1,434.2 | 16.0 | | 1,412.1 | 16.3 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 11.5 | | 1,002.9 | 10.8 | | 984.6 | 11.4 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 8.6 | | - | 8.8 | | - |
| 1.8 | | - | 0.7 | | 1.4 | 0.7 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 1 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 5,385 | | - | 5,655 | | - |
| - | | - | 38.3 | | s44.2 | 41.5 | | 45.2 |
| - | | - | 13.0 | | s16.9 | 12.3 | | 16.8 |
| - | | - | 25.7 | | 30.5 | 21.8 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 10.0 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 48.0 | | 50.8 | - | | - |
| 38.6 | | - | 38.3 | | s44.0 | 18.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 61.1 | | 30.9 | 24.5 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 91.1 | | 103.9 | 34.7 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |