| 1,992,060 | | 429,481,944 | 2,052,843 | | 440,247,483 | 2,108,079 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 0.5 | | 100.0 | 0.5 | | 100.0 | Pro0.5 | | Pro100.0 |
| 2.1 | | - | 4.0 | | - | 8.0 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 91.9 | | 95.6 | 116.9 | | 116.0 | 138.5 | | - |
| 38.2 | | 38.4 | 41.7 | | 41.6 | 44.4 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 15.6 | | 16.7 | 14.2 | | 15.4 | 15.1 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 14.3 | | 15.9 | 16.7 | | 17.9 | 20.9 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.9 | | 4.2 | 4.1 | | 3.7 | 3.1 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.21 | | 1.43 | 1.56 | | 1.54 | 1.64 | | Pro1.53 |
| 28.5 | | 29.0 | 30.1 | | 30.2 | 30.5 | | Pro31.1 |
| 39.4 | | 26.8 | 56.8 | | 37.8 | 57.7 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.2 | | 5.8 | 2.9 | | 3.8 | 1.8 | | - |
| 76.4 | | - | 80.1 | | 80.1 | 80.7 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 829.8 | | 184,224.5 | 835.4 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.5 | | 2.4 | 2.5 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 29.2 | | 31.8 | 32.4 | | 35.9 |
| 6.4 | | - | 4.2 | | 13.2 | u3.1 | | 9.8 |
| 18.1 | | - | 37.9 | | 33.4 | 49.2 | | 41.9 |
| 24.2 | | - | 15.5 | | 27.0 | 8.7 | | 20.9 |
| - | | - | 401 | | - | - | | - |
| 516 | | - | 462 | | - | - | | - |
| 23.9 | | - | 24.4 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 67.8 | | 67.1 | 76.1 | | 73.1 |
| 93.9 | | - | 89.6 | | 81.7 | 90.0 | | 81.4 |
| 7.5 | | - | 13.3 | | 30.3 | 13.4 | | 29.4 |
| 11.8 | | - | 12.6 | | 15.4 | 12.2 | | 13.8 |
| 19.5 | | - | 11.5 | | 25.0 | 4.7 | | 18.1 |
| 16.8 | | - | 9.5 | | 20.1 | 5.6 | | 15.7 |
| 13.0 | | - | 18.0 | | 15.3 | 11.8 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 5.7 | | - | 8.2 | | 9.9 | 4.8 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | u2.3 | | - | 4.9 | | 5.8 | 3.3 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 14.6 | | - | 15.9 | | 20.6 | 11.7 | | 15.2 |
| u63.3 | | - | 44.2 | | 44.0 | u39.3 | | 39.2 |
| 73.4 | | - | 72.6 | | 76.6 | 71.0 | | 75.3 |
| 390.9 | | - | 748.1 | | - | 1,024.2 | | - |
| 1.5 | | s1.8 | 2.4 | | s2.0 | Pro2.1 | | s2.3 |
| 57.8 | | s64.3 | 73.9 | | s63.1 | Pro73.4 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 8,608 | | s1,747,667 | 15,269 | | s2,256,720 | Pro17,451 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 49.4 | | s52.6 | 63.0 | | s53.7 | Pro65.3 | | Pro60.2 |
| 4.8 | | - | 8.8 | | s6.7 | Pro11.0 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 72.6 | | 71.6 | 93.0 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 64.3 | | 65.5 | 87.6 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 73.9 | | 67.9 | 83.3 | | 77.7 |
| 15,700 | | 19,200 | 21,600 | | 25,700 | 29,200 | | 32,400 |
| 78.0 | | 100.0 | 80.8 | | 100.0 | 84.0 | | 100.0 |
| 26.0 | | 65.6 | 46.5 | | 81.8 | 74.5 | | 88.0 |
| 1,641 | | 970,649 | 2,670 | | 1,271,009 | 4,137 | | - |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.2 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.1 | | - | 0.2 | | 0.3 |
| -0.9 | | 0.6 | 0.6 | | 0.9 | 6.4 | | 2.6 |
| 0.0 | | -0.4 | -0.8 | | 0.6 | 3.8 | | 2.6 |
| 55.5 | | 55.8 | 56.5 | | 55.4 | 51.1 | | 51.0 |
| 18.8 | | 19.7 | 20.6 | | 21.2 | 20.6 | | 22.0 |
| 26.4 | | 22.7 | 19.9 | | 21.1 | 20.3 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 20.9 | | 14.5 | 25.0 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 12 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 6.7 | | 1,434.2 | 7.1 | | 1,412.1 | 6.3 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(5)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 4.8 | | 1,002.9 | 5.1 | | 984.6 | 4.7 | | 967.9 |
| - | | - | 7.0 | | - | 10.8 | | - |
| 1.7 | | - | 1.3 | | 1.4 | 0.8 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 25 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 5,956 | | - | 8,364 | | - | 10,548 | | - |
| 38.0 | | - | 40.2 | | s44.2 | 40.3 | | 45.2 |
| 11.0 | | - | 13.6 | | s16.9 | 11.7 | | 16.8 |
| 22.0 | | - | 23.8 | | 30.5 | 23.0 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 8.6 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| - | | - | 58.9 | | 50.8 | 40.4 | | - |
| 53.1 | | - | 57.6 | | s44.0 | 42.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 66.3 | | 30.9 | 57.9 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 53.4 | | 103.9 | 80.1 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |