| 40,850,412 | | 429,481,944 | 46,742,697 | | 440,247,483 | 47,415,794 | | Pro446,971,390 |
| 9.5 | | 100.0 | 10.6 | | 100.0 | Pro10.6 | | Pro100.0 |
| - | | - | 11.4 | | - | 11.3 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 116.1 | | 95.6 | 114.3 | | 116.0 | 141.2 | | - |
| 37.6 | | 38.4 | 40.3 | | 41.6 | 44.7 | | 44.1 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 14.6 | | 16.7 | 15.1 | | 15.4 | 14.1 | | - |
65 or more (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 16.9 | | 15.9 | 17.2 | | 17.9 | 19.9 | | - |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 4.1 | | 4.2 | 3.9 | | 3.7 | 3.3 | | - |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.23 | | 1.43 | 1.34 | | 1.54 | 1.19 | | Pro1.53 |
| 30.8 | | 29.0 | 31.4 | | 30.2 | 32.6 | | Pro31.1 |
| 19.7 | | 26.8 | 37.4 | | 37.8 | 49.2 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.0 | | 5.8 | 3.1 | | 3.8 | 2.5 | | - |
| 79.8 | | - | 82.6 | | 80.1 | 83.3 | | Pro80.1 |
| - | | - | 17,895.0 | | 184,224.5 | 18,866.0 | | 196,858.0 |
| - | | - | 2.6 | | 2.4 | 2.5 | | 2.2 |
| - | | - | 23.0 | | 31.8 | 26.6 | | 35.9 |
| 29.7 | | - | 26.3 | | 13.2 | 13.3 | | 9.8 |
| 31.3 | | - | 41.9 | | 33.4 | 46.7 | | 41.9 |
| 59.6 | | - | 46.0 | | 27.0 | 36.1 | | 20.9 |
| 319 | | - | 261 | | - | - | | - |
| 358 | | - | 305 | | - | - | | - |
| 19.1 | | - | 25.5 | | 28.2 | - | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | - | | - | 62.0 | | 67.1 | 67.7 | | 73.1 |
| 91.9 | | - | 86.4 | | 81.7 | 86.1 | | 81.4 |
| 17.3 | | - | 22.9 | | 30.3 | 22.4 | | 29.4 |
| 18.0 | | - | 15.6 | | 15.4 | 15.4 | | 13.8 |
| 62.5 | | - | 46.0 | | 25.0 | 35.0 | | 18.1 |
| 49.2 | | - | 36.2 | | 20.1 | 28.5 | | 15.7 |
| 32.1 | | - | 25.2 | | 15.3 | 25.2 | | 14.0 |
Unemployment rate (%)(1)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 10.4 | | - | 21.4 | | 9.9 | 14.8 | | 7.1 |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)(1)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 7.8 | | - | 12.5 | | 5.8 | 9.2 | | 4.5 |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 18.1 | | - | 42.3 | | 20.6 | 31.6 | | 15.2 |
| 36.5 | | - | 41.6 | | 44.0 | 41.7 | | 39.2 |
| 92.0 | | - | 67.6 | | 76.6 | 73.1 | | 75.3 |
| 505.7 | | - | 748.3 | | - | 1,108.3 | | - |
| 0.9 | | s1.8 | 1.3 | | s2.0 | Pro1.4 | | s2.3 |
| 52.4 | | s64.3 | 52.1 | | s63.1 | Pro56.2 | | s65.9 |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 125,750 | | s1,747,667 | 215,079 | | s2,256,720 | Pro249,473 | | Pro3,122,332 |
| 37.0 | | s52.6 | 41.8 | | s53.7 | Pro46.7 | | Pro60.2 |
| 4.5 | | - | 5.6 | | s6.7 | Pro6.7 | | s9.6 |
| - | | - | 62.7 | | 71.6 | 95.9 | | 92.3 |
| - | | - | 61.0 | | 65.5 | 91.8 | | 87.2 |
| - | | - | 64.4 | | 67.9 | 76.8 | | 77.7 |
| 19,000 | | 19,200 | 23,700 | | 25,700 | 27,000 | | 32,400 |
| 99.5 | | 100.0 | 98.2 | | 100.0 | Pro90.4 | | 100.0 |
| 54.0 | | 65.6 | 69.9 | | 81.8 | Pro118.3 | | 88.0 |
| 64,698 | | 970,649 | 95,704 | | 1,271,009 | - | | - |
| - | | - | - | | - | Pro0.2 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | - | | - | Pro0.8 | | 0.3 |
| -2.3 | | 0.6 | 0.3 | | 0.9 | Pro1.5 | | 2.6 |
| -4.4 | | -0.4 | -2.7 | | 0.6 | Pro1.0 | | 2.6 |
| 59.3 | | 55.8 | 58.5 | | 55.4 | Pro56.2 | | 51.0 |
| 16.5 | | 19.7 | 20.7 | | 21.2 | Pro21.4 | | 22.0 |
| 25.9 | | 22.7 | 20.0 | | 21.1 | 19.8 | | 22.5 |
Share of renewable energy (%)in gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 13.2 | | 14.5 | 20.7 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 214 | | 2,296 | - | | - |
Primary energy consumption(6)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 117.5 | | 1,434.2 | 122.7 | | 1,412.1 | 112.1 | | 1,309.0 |
Final energy consumption(6)toe (tonne of oil equivalent) - Millions | 84.0 | | 1,002.9 | 87.1 | | 984.6 | 80.3 | | 967.9 |
| 1.9 | | - | 7.5 | | - | 10.8 | | - |
| 3.5 | | - | 2.0 | | 1.4 | Pro2.5 | | 1.3 |
| - | | - | 1,577 | | s3,493 | - | | - |
| 6,369 | | - | 8,655 | | - | 9,778 | | - |
| 37.0 | | - | 43.8 | | s44.2 | 47.9 | | 45.2 |
| 19.0 | | - | 20.6 | | s16.9 | 21.7 | | 16.8 |
| 33.0 | | - | 34.0 | | 30.5 | 33.0 | | 30.2 |
| - | | - | 10.8 | | s13.2 | - | | - |
| 50.8 | | - | 39.9 | | 50.8 | 38.4 | | - |
| 67.1 | | - | 61.4 | | s44.0 | 44.1 | | - |
| 9.2 | | - | 14.7 | | 30.9 | 7.3 | | 21.8 |
| - | | - | 123.3 | | 103.9 | 113.4 | | 103.5 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 120 | | - |