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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%)
Year
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Indicator
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
EU27 (2020)
2017
(no values)
Portugal
2017
43.4
%
EU27 (2020)
2001
(no values)
Portugal
2001
43.7
%
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
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Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
Years
2001
2017
2001
2017
European Union 27 (since 2020)
-
-
x
-
Austria
x
24.2
x
23.7
Belgium
27.8
-
25.6
-
Bulgaria
52.9
47.9
46.1
46.4
Croatia
x
50.0
x
47.7
Cyprus
37.4
40.8
31.5
38.0
Czech Republic
33.3
28.1
25.7
23.1
Denmark
35.9
Pro
39.3
28.6
Pro
35.5
Estonia
48.4
44.5
42.0
40.7
Finland
-
-
x
-
France
-
Pro
32.8
-
Pro
28.6
Germany
25.2
27.1
16.1
22.6
Greece
36.3
-
32.8
-
Hungary
-
33.4
-
26.8
Ireland
-
35.9
-
35.4
Italy
-
32.1
-
34.6
Latvia
56.6
53.7
55.1
50.8
Lithuania
53.4
47.0
46.6
46.1
Luxembourg
x
25.8
x
27.3
Malta
x
30.2
x
29.5
Netherlands
-
28.6
-
27.1
Poland
-
36.8
-
35.4
Portugal
43.7
43.4
44.8
43.1
Romania
47.5
44.7
43.3
46.3
Slovakia
45.3
40.1
39.8
40.1
Slovenia
38.9
33.7
34.4
30.9
Spain
33.7
40.0
35.2
38.8
Sweden
29.0
31.2
-
28.6
United Kingdom
-
-
-
-
Iceland
39.2
-
34.8
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-03-27
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
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