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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%)
Year
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Indicator
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
EU28
2016
(no values)
Portugal
2016
43.2
%
EU28
2001
(no values)
Portugal
2001
43.7
%
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
see full table
Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
Years
2001
2016
2001
2016
European Union (28 countries)
x
-
x
-
Austria
x
-
x
-
Belgium
27.8
-
25.6
-
Bulgaria
52.9
47.6
46.1
48.6
Croatia
x
┴
51.4
x
┴
49.1
Cyprus
37.4
40.6
31.5
37.0
Czech Republic
33.3
28.4
25.7
23.1
Denmark
35.9
-
28.6
-
Estonia
48.4
45.0
42.0
41.3
Finland
-
-
x
-
France
-
x
-
x
Germany
25.2
-
16.1
-
Greece
36.3
-
32.8
-
Hungary
-
33.8
-
26.7
Ireland
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
┴
33.1
-
┴
35.5
Latvia
56.6
53.3
55.1
50.1
Lithuania
53.4
49.5
46.6
46.8
Luxembourg
x
-
x
-
Malta
x
27.0
x
26.6
Netherlands
-
28.2
-
26.9
Poland
-
36.2
-
34.2
Portugal
43.7
43.2
44.8
42.9
Romania
47.5
44.9
43.3
45.5
Slovakia
45.3
41.3
39.8
40.2
Slovenia
38.9
33.7
34.4
33.2
Spain
33.7
40.4
35.2
39.1
Sweden
29.0
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
-
-
-
Iceland
39.2
-
34.8
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-11-21
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
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