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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%)
Year
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Indicator
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
EU27 (2020)
2018
(no values)
Portugal
2018
43.3
%
EU27 (2020)
2001
(no values)
Portugal
2001
43.7
%
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
see full table
Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
Years
2001
2018
2001
2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)
-
-
x
-
Germany
25.2
-
16.1
-
Austria
x
-
x
-
Belgium
27.8
-
25.6
-
Bulgaria
52.9
46.1
46.1
44.4
Cyprus
37.4
38.7
31.5
36.7
Croatia
x
48.2
x
48.2
Denmark
35.9
-
28.6
-
Slovakia
45.3
38.9
39.8
39.3
Slovenia
38.9
35.0
34.4
31.4
Spain
33.7
40.0
35.2
38.8
Estonia
48.4
44.8
42.0
42.2
Finland
-
-
x
-
France
-
-
-
-
Greece
36.3
-
32.8
-
Hungary
-
┴
29.8
-
┴
24.6
Ireland
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
31.6
-
34.1
Latvia
56.6
52.4
55.1
49.1
Lithuania
53.4
46.3
46.6
45.3
Luxembourg
x
-
x
-
Malta
x
30.6
x
30.4
Netherlands
-
-
-
-
Poland
-
35.8
-
35.2
Portugal
43.7
43.3
44.8
42.9
Czech Republic
33.3
28.6
25.7
23.2
Romania
47.5
43.5
43.3
45.9
Sweden
29.0
-
-
-
Iceland
39.2
-
34.8
-
United Kingdom
-
-
-
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-12-03
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
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