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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
Females in total of personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D) (%)
Year
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Indicator
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
EU27 (2020)
2018
(no values)
Portugal
2018
(no values)
EU27 (2020)
2001
(no values)
Portugal
2001
43.7
%
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Proportion - %
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Groups/Countries
R&D total personnel - % females
R&D researchers - % females
Years
2001
2018
2001
2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
x
x
x
Austria
x
-
x
-
Belgium
27.8
-
25.6
-
Bulgaria
52.9
-
46.1
-
Croatia
x
-
x
-
Cyprus
37.4
-
31.5
-
Czech Republic
33.3
-
25.7
-
Denmark
35.9
-
28.6
-
Estonia
48.4
-
42.0
-
Finland
-
-
x
-
France
-
-
-
-
Germany
25.2
-
16.1
-
Greece
36.3
-
32.8
-
Hungary
-
-
-
-
Ireland
-
-
-
-
Italy
-
-
-
-
Latvia
56.6
-
55.1
-
Lithuania
53.4
-
46.6
-
Luxembourg
x
-
x
-
Malta
x
-
x
-
Netherlands
-
-
-
-
Poland
-
-
-
-
Portugal
43.7
-
44.8
-
Romania
47.5
-
43.3
-
Slovakia
45.3
-
39.8
-
Slovenia
38.9
-
34.4
-
Spain
33.7
-
35.2
-
Sweden
29.0
-
-
-
United Kingdom
-
-
-
-
Iceland
39.2
-
34.8
-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-01-31
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by field of science in Europe
Females in total of graduates in higher education (ISCED 5-8) (%) in Europe
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