| 56,974,100 | | 429,481,944 | 59,379,449 | | 440,247,483 | Pro60,421,760 | | Pro446,461,494 |
| 13.3 | | - | 13.5 | | - | Pro13.5 | | - |
| - | | - | 6.5 | | - | 8.5 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 130.5 | | 95.6 | 147.2 | | 116.0 | 171.0 | | Pro132.3 |
| 40.4 | | 38.4 | 43.7 | | 41.6 | 46.3 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 14.2 | | 16.7 | 14.0 | | 15.4 | 13.3 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 19 | | 16 | 21 | | 18 | 23 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 3.6 | | 4.2 | 3.2 | | 3.7 | 2.8 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.25 | | - | 1.44 | | - | 1.29 | | - |
| 30.5 | | - | 31.4 | | - | 32.0 | | - |
| 10.3 | | 26.8 | 23.7 | | 37.8 | 34.0 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 4.4 | | - | 2.9 | | - | 2.8 | | - |
| 80.3 | | - | 82.4 | | - | 83.4 | | - |
| - | | - | 24,921.7 | | - | 25,925.8 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.4 | | 2.4 | 2.3 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 31.2 | | 31.8 | 33.4 | | 34.3 |
| 57.0 | | - | 44.0 | | - | 38.3 | | - |
| 12.2 | | - | 20.4 | | - | 27.8 | | - |
| 25.9 | | - | 17.8 | | - | 14.5 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 58.5 | | - | 61.0 | | - | 63.0 | | - |
| 90.9 | | - | 84.6 | | 81.7 | 81.4 | | 80.9 |
| 17.8 | | - | 29.2 | | 30.3 | 32.4 | | 30.5 |
| 23.7 | | - | 23.5 | | 15.4 | 21.7 | | 14.2 |
| 51.7 | | - | 37.2 | | 25.0 | 30.8 | | 19.9 |
| 44.1 | | - | 33.7 | | 20.1 | 29.8 | | 16.7 |
| 9.6 | | - | 13.3 | | - | 17.1 | | - |
| 49.1 | | - | 49.3 | | 49.6 | 46.9 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 9.6 | | - | 8.4 | | - | 10.6 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 5.5 | | - | 5.3 | | - | 5.9 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 25.9 | | - | 26.0 | | - | 29.5 | | - |
| 62.9 | | - | 51.4 | | 43.9 | 58.1 | | 44.6 |
| 107.0 | | - | 107.7 | | 76.6 | 100.3 | | 74.6 |
| 119.3 | | - | 105.8 | | - | 100.5 | | - |
| // | | - | // | | - | // | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 153,905 | | s1,747,667 | 228,094 | | 2,256,720 | 345,625 | | 2,839,076 |
| 42.4 | | s52.6 | 49.3 | | 53.7 | 63.3 | | 59.3 |
| 49.1 | | s64.3 | 54.6 | | 63.1 | 63.1 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 63.0 | | - | 71.0 | | 76.0 |
| 23,208.1 | | 19,194.1 | 27,281.9 | | 25,721.3 | Pro29,124.4 | | Pro30,219.8 |
| 108.9 | | 65.5 | 119.7 | | 81.8 | 134.8 | | 79.5 |
| 30.9 | | 26.0 | 29.2 | | 24.9 | 29.1 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.4 | | - | 0.3 | | 0.3 |
| 1.2 | | 0.6 | -1.3 | | 0.9 | 2.4 | | 3.0 |
| 0.2 | | -0.4 | -2.8 | | 0.6 | 2.5 | | 3.0 |
| 59.5 | | 55.8 | 61.1 | | 55.4 | 60.3 | | 53.3 |
| 18.4 | | 19.7 | 19.8 | | 21.2 | 19.0 | | 20.5 |
| 20.7 | | 22.3 | 19.7 | | 20.8 | 17.8 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 12.9 | | 14.6 | 17.8 | | 18.9 |
| 1.0 | | s1.8 | 1.2 | | 2.0 | 1.4 | | 2.2 |
| 2.9 | | - | 4.4 | | - | 6.0 | | - |
| - | | - | 62.0 | | 72.0 | 84.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 51.0 | | 65.0 | 72.0 | | 82.0 |
| 6,641 | | - | 9,466 | | - | 10,029 | | - |
| 42.0 | | - | 45.3 | | - | 45.8 | | - |
| 19.0 | | - | 19.8 | | - | 20.3 | | - |
| 29.0 | | - | 32.5 | | - | 33.4 | | - |
| 48.6 | | - | 45.1 | | - | 39.0 | | Pro50.5 |
| 41.9 | | - | 45.6 | | s44.0 | 50.5 | | s47.6 |
| 14.4 | | - | 21.5 | | - | 22.1 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 111.0 | | 101.5 | 135.8 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 130 | | - | 130 | | - |