| 16,046,180 | | 429,481,944 | 16,693,074 | | 440,247,483 | 17,231,624 | | Pro446,327,501 |
| 3.7 | | 100.0 | 3.8 | | 100.0 | Pro3.9 | | Pro100.0 |
| 3.7 | | - | 4.0 | | - | 5.8 | | - |
Ageing indexnumber of elderly people (aged 65 and over) per 100 young people (aged 0 to 14) | 73.2 | | 95.6 | 91.5 | | 116.0 | 119.1 | | Pro132.3 |
| 37.6 | | 38.4 | 41.0 | | 41.6 | 42.6 | | Pro43.5 |
Young people (%)individuals aged 0 to 14 | 18.6 | | 16.7 | 17.4 | | 15.4 | 16.0 | | Pro15.2 |
Elderly people (%)individuals aged 65 and over | 14 | | 16 | 16 | | 18 | 19 | | Pro20 |
Working age people per elderly personindividuals aged 15 to 64 per each individual aged 65 and over | 5.0 | | 4.2 | 4.2 | | 3.7 | 3.4 | | Pro3.2 |
Total fertility rateaverage number of children per woman of childbearing age | 1.71 | | - | 1.76 | | - | 1.59 | | - |
| 30.3 | | - | 30.9 | | - | 31.5 | | - |
| 27.2 | | 26.8 | 45.3 | | 37.8 | 51.9 | | - |
Infant mortality rate (‰)number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births | 5.4 | | 5.8 | 3.6 | | 3.8 | 3.5 | | 3.4 |
| 78.4 | | - | 81.3 | | - | 81.9 | | - |
| - | | - | 7,367.5 | | - | 7,834.2 | | - |
| - | | - | 2.2 | | 2.4 | 2.2 | | 2.3 |
| - | | - | 35.1 | | 31.8 | 37.3 | | 34.3 |
| 33.1 | | - | 27.5 | | - | 21.0 | | - |
| 27.2 | | - | 41.2 | | - | 49.4 | | - |
| 15.1 | | - | 9.2 | | - | 7.3 | | - |
Employment rate (%)number of employed aged 20 to 64 per 100 individuals of same age group | 75.4 | | - | 76.4 | | - | 79.2 | | - |
| 57.8 | | - | 51.1 | | 81.7 | 49.1 | | 80.9 |
| 71.3 | | - | 76.7 | | 30.3 | 75.8 | | 30.5 |
| 10.8 | | - | 14.5 | | 15.4 | 16.4 | | 14.2 |
| 25.2 | | - | 20.5 | | 25.0 | 15.5 | | 19.9 |
| 30.1 | | - | 25.6 | | 20.1 | 20.9 | | 16.7 |
| 14.3 | | - | 18.1 | | - | 21.4 | | - |
| 54.3 | | - | 51.6 | | 49.6 | 52.4 | | 49.9 |
Unemployment rate (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 per 100 economically active people of the same age group | 2.1 | | - | 5.0 | | - | 3.8 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population with tertiary education (%)number of unemployed persons aged 15 to 74 with ISCED 5-6 per 100 economically active people of the same age group and level of education | 1.6 | | - | 3.1 | | - | 2.5 | | - |
Unemployment rate of population aged 20 to 24 (%)number of unemployed persons aged 20 to 24 per 100 same age economically active people | 2.8 | | - | 7.8 | | - | 5.6 | | - |
| - | | - | 32.4 | | 43.9 | 36.6 | | 44.6 |
| 55.8 | | - | 55.0 | | 76.6 | 55.6 | | 74.6 |
| 141.0 | | - | 132.7 | | - | Pro124.6 | | - |
| 1,154.5 | | - | 1,424.4 | | - | 1,578.0 | | - |
Personnel in R&DFTE - full-time equivalent | 92,904 | | s1,747,667 | 117,436 | | 2,256,720 | 156,875 | | 2,839,076 |
| 52.1 | | s52.6 | 63.0 | | 53.7 | 71.9 | | 59.3 |
| 54.4 | | s64.3 | 56.6 | | 63.1 | 66.4 | | 66.4 |
| - | | - | 82.0 | | 68.0 | 94.0 | | 76.0 |
| 27,468.6 | | 19,194.1 | 34,737.2 | | 25,721.3 | 39,154.0 | | Pro30,228.9 |
| 49.4 | | 65.5 | 61.7 | | 81.8 | 52.4 | | 79.5 |
| 22.8 | | 26.0 | 22.4 | | 24.9 | Pro26.3 | | 26.8 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.0 | | 0.1 |
| - | | - | 0.0 | | - | 0.1 | | 0.3 |
| - | | 0.6 | 8.4 | | 0.9 | 10.7 | | 3.0 |
| - | | -0.4 | 8.6 | | 0.6 | 10.9 | | 3.0 |
| 49.7 | | 55.8 | 45.6 | | 55.4 | Pro44.1 | | 53.3 |
| 21.0 | | 19.7 | 25.8 | | 21.2 | Pro24.2 | | 20.5 |
| 22.1 | | 22.3 | 20.1 | | 20.8 | Pro20.3 | | 21.0 |
Share of renewable energyin gross final energy consumption | - | | - | 4.5 | | 14.6 | 7.4 | | 18.9 |
| 1.8 | | s1.8 | 1.9 | | 2.0 | 2.1 | | 2.2 |
| 5.6 | | - | 7.1 | | - | 10.7 | | - |
| - | | - | 94.0 | | 72.0 | 98.0 | | 88.0 |
| - | | - | 90.0 | | 65.0 | 94.0 | | 82.0 |
| 9,572 | | - | 11,300 | | - | 12,917 | | - |
| 35.0 | | - | 36.9 | | - | 37.9 | | - |
| 11.0 | | - | 11.0 | | - | 13.3 | | - |
| 27.0 | | - | 25.8 | | - | 27.4 | | - |
| 67.7 | | - | 70.3 | | - | 73.8 | | Pro50.5 |
| 31.7 | | - | 32.5 | | s44.0 | 40.5 | | s47.6 |
| 54.2 | | - | 38.1 | | - | 58.2 | | 31.8 |
| - | | - | 119.1 | | 101.5 | 144.9 | | 133.3 |
| - | | - | 120 | | - | 130 | | - |