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EUROPE
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector
Year
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
EU27 (2020)
2018
2,798,034.0
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2018
58,154.0
Full-time Equival...
EU27 (2020)
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
8,553.0
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Years
1982
2018
1982
2018
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
2,798,034.0
x
1,650,701.0
Austria
x
Pro
81,534.0
x
Pro
56,292.0
Belgium
33,042.0
Pro
88,749.0
18,799.0
Pro
55,360.0
Bulgaria
x
25,809.0
x
13,110.0
Croatia
x
Pro
13,029.0
x
Pro
4,520.0
Cyprus
x
Pro
1,610.0
x
Pro
450.0
Czech Republic
x
Pro
74,969.0
x
Pro
42,349.0
Denmark
17,235.0
Pro
64,591.0
9,404.0
Pro
39,805.0
Estonia
x
Pro
6,183.0
x
Pro
2,150.0
Finland
x
50,011.0
x
28,720.0
France
258,937.0
s
451,423.0
132,228.0
s
275,553.0
Germany
x
s
707,944.0
x
451,057.0
Greece
x
Pro
51,092.0
x
Pro
13,922.0
Hungary
49,236.0
45,566.0
30,921.0
29,085.0
Ireland
4,960.0
35,817.0
1,549.0
s
18,956.0
Italy
105,927.0
Pro
311,734.0
49,900.0
Pro
185,228.0
Latvia
x
5,806.0
x
1,221.0
Lithuania
x
Pro
11,956.0
x
Pro
4,304.0
Luxembourg
x
Pro
5,624.0
x
Pro
3,311.0
Malta
x
Pro
1,443.0
x
Pro
889.0
Netherlands
57,450.0
Pro
157,389.0
27,140.0
Pro
113,686.0
Poland
x
161,993.0
51,000.0
85,981.0
Portugal
8,553.0
58,154.0
1,891.0
23,662.0
Romania
x
31,933.0
x
12,081.0
Slovakia
x
20,268.0
x
6,524.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
15,698.0
x
Pro
10,456.0
Spain
s
35,530.0
225,696.0
12,914.0
104,474.0
Sweden
x
92,011.0
x
67,554.0
United Kingdom
308,000.0
Pro
469,647.0
191,000.0
Pro
255,120.0
Iceland
x
3,172.0
x
1,799.0
Norway
s
15,218.0
46,602.0
6,935.0
23,766.0
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-06-24
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
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