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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector
Year
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
EU27 (2020)
2019
Pro
2,912,876.0
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2019
Pro
62,517.0
Full-time Equival...
EU27 (2020)
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
8,553.0
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Years
1982
2019
1982
2019
European Union 27 (since 2020)
x
Pro
2,912,876.0
x
Pro
1,732,421.0
Germany
x
s
733,007.0
x
s
470,407.0
Austria
x
Pro
84,060.0
x
Pro
58,036.0
Belgium
33,042.0
Pro
96,158.0
18,799.0
Pro
60,601.0
Bulgaria
x
Pro
26,399.0
x
Pro
13,826.0
Cyprus
x
Pro
1,870.0
x
Pro
665.0
Croatia
x
Pro
14,492.0
x
Pro
5,235.0
Denmark
17,235.0
Pro
60,638.0
9,404.0
Pro
36,202.0
Slovakia
x
21,196.0
x
7,113.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
16,984.0
x
Pro
11,327.0
Spain
s
35,530.0
Pro
216,890.0
12,914.0
Pro
95,667.0
Estonia
x
Pro
6,448.0
x
Pro
2,639.0
Finland
x
51,494.0
x
29,713.0
France
258,937.0
s
463,738.0
132,228.0
s
286,968.0
Greece
x
Pro
54,833.0
x
Pro
14,232.0
Hungary
49,236.0
56,943.0
30,921.0
33,124.0
Ireland
4,960.0
37,310.0
1,549.0
Pro
20,137.0
Italy
105,927.0
Pro
355,362.0
49,900.0
Pro
225,168.0
Latvia
x
Pro
5,923.0
x
Pro
1,174.0
Lithuania
x
Pro
12,941.0
x
Pro
4,756.0
Luxembourg
x
Pro
5,892.0
x
Pro
3,183.0
Malta
x
Pro
1,612.0
x
Pro
1,027.0
Netherlands
57,450.0
Pro
160,234.0
27,140.0
Pro
115,795.0
Poland
x
Pro
163,985.0
51,000.0
Pro
86,721.0
Portugal
8,553.0
Pro
62,517.0
1,891.0
Pro
27,643.0
Czech Republic
x
Pro
79,245.0
x
Pro
44,792.0
Romania
x
31,665.0
x
11,628.0
Sweden
x
Pro
91,041.0
x
64,641.0
Iceland
x
x
x
x
Norway
s
15,218.0
Pro
49,249.0
6,935.0
Pro
25,151.0
United Kingdom
308,000.0
Pro
486,088.0
191,000.0
Pro
270,417.0
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2020-12-03
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
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