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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector
Year
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
Indicator
Total Performance sectors
Business enterprise sector
EU28
2017
Pro
3,045,484.0
Full-time Equival...
Portugal
2017
Pro
54,091.0
Full-time Equival...
EU28
1982
(no values)
Portugal
1982
8,553.0
Full-time Equival...
Operations
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Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
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Full-time Equivalent (FTE)
see full table
Groups/Countries
Performance sectors
Total
Business enterprise sector
Years
1982
2017
1982
2017
European Union (28 countries)
x
Pro
3,045,484.0
x
Pro
1,723,360.0
Austria
x
Pro
77,880.0
x
Pro
54,022.0
Belgium
33,042.0
Pro
83,441.0
18,799.0
Pro
48,615.0
Bulgaria
x
Pro
23,290.0
x
Pro
10,735.0
Croatia
x
Pro
11,853.0
x
Pro
3,366.0
Cyprus
x
Pro
1,485.0
x
Pro
390.0
Czech Republic
x
69,736.0
x
39,968.0
Denmark
17,235.0
Pro
62,911.0
9,404.0
Pro
38,975.0
Estonia
x
x
x
x
Finland
x
48,999.0
x
28,148.0
France
258,937.0
x
132,228.0
x
Germany
x
s
681,552.0
x
s
432,352.0
Greece
x
Pro
48,226.0
x
Pro
14,750.0
Hungary
49,236.0
40,432.0
30,921.0
24,719.0
Ireland
4,960.0
30,316.0
1,549.0
17,701.0
Italy
105,927.0
Pro
291,516.0
49,900.0
Pro
166,116.0
Latvia
x
Pro
5,378.0
x
Pro
956.0
Lithuania
x
11,491.0
x
3,697.0
Luxembourg
x
Pro
5,322.0
x
Pro
3,135.0
Malta
x
1,481.0
x
970.0
Netherlands
57,450.0
Pro
138,292.0
27,140.0
Pro
90,037.0
Poland
x
121,358.0
51,000.0
67,045.0
Portugal
8,553.0
Pro
54,091.0
1,891.0
Pro
21,202.0
Romania
x
32,586.0
x
11,525.0
Slovakia
x
19,011.0
x
5,654.0
Slovenia
x
Pro
14,713.0
x
Pro
9,946.0
Spain
s
35,530.0
...
12,914.0
...
Sweden
x
89,268.0
x
61,177.0
United Kingdom
308,000.0
Pro
424,510.0
191,000.0
Pro
215,713.0
Iceland
x
x
x
x
Norway
s
15,218.0
Pro
46,989.0
6,935.0
Pro
23,887.0
Switzerland
x
x
x
x
Japan
s
668,939.0
x
s
376,474.0
x
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-11-21
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Researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and of enterprises sector in Europe
Total personnel (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and by sector of performance in Europe
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