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EUROPE

Total personnel and researchers involved in research and development activities (R&D): full-time equivalent per thousand active persons

Year
Indicator
EU28
2017
Pro12.4
‰
Portugal
2017
10.5
‰
EU28
1986
 
(no values)
Portugal
1986
2.3
‰
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Proportion - ‰
Groups/Countries
Total personnel in R&D per thousand active persons
Researchers in R&D per thousand of the active population
Years More years here
1986
2017
1986
2017
European Union (28 countries)xPro12.4xPro7.9
   AustriaxPro17.3xPro10.5
   Belgium9.1┴Pro16.74.0┴Pro11.2
   Bulgariax6.9xPro4.5
   Croatiax6.4xPro4.3
   CyprusxPro3.5xPro2.4
   Czech Republicx13.0x7.3
   Denmark7.4┴Pro21.23.3┴Pro15.2
   Estoniax8.7x-
   Finlandx18.1x13.7
   France11.4s14.74.4-
   Germany-s15.7-s9.6
   Greece-Pro10.1-Pro7.4
   Hungary-8.8-6.2
   Ireland4.2┴12.92.3┴8.7
   Italy5.3Pro11.22.9Pro5.3
   Latviax5.5xPro3.6
   Lithuaniax7.9x6.0
   Luxembourg-Pro18.5-Pro9.5
   Maltax6.4x3.9
   Netherlands-Pro15.3xPro9.4
   Polandx8.3x5.6
   Portugal2.310.51.2Pro8.5
   Romaniax3.6x1.9
   Slovakiax6.9x5.5
   SloveniaxPro14.3xPro9.1
   Spains3.3Pro9.5s1.8-
   Swedenx16.3x14.0
   United Kingdom10.6Pro12.74.9Pro8.7
Icelandx15.9x-
Norwayx16.8xPro12.5
Switzerland┴--x-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, Eurostat | NSI, PORDATA
Last updated: 2019-09-30
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R&D personnel and researchers (FTE) involved in research and development activities (R&D): total and females in Europe
Labour force in Europe
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