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Europe 2020    Themes    Summary Table
EUROPE

Total personnel and researchers involved in research and development activities (R&D): full-time equivalent per thousand active persons

Year
Indicator
EU28
2016
Pro11.9
‰
Portugal
2016
Pro9.8
‰
EU28
1986
 
(no values)
Portugal
1986
2.3
‰
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Proportion - ‰
Groups/Countries
Total personnel in R&D per thousand active persons
Researchers in R&D per thousand of the active population
Years More years here
1986
2016
1986
2016
European Union (28 countries)xPro11.9xPro7.7
   AustriaxPro16.4xPro10.0
   Belgium9.1Pro16.04.0Pro10.8
   Bulgariax7.7x4.9
   Croatiax┴6.1x┴4.1
   CyprusxPro3.0xPro2.0
   Czech RepublicxPro12.3xPro7.0
   Denmark7.4┴s19.93.3┴s14.2
   Estoniax8.3x6.3
   Finlandx17.7x13.4
   France11.4-4.4-
   Germany-s15.3-s9.3
   Greece-8.7-6.1
   Hungary-7.8-5.6
   Ireland4.2s15.52.3s11.3
   Italy5.3Pro10.02.9Pro4.9
   Latviax5.2x3.2
   Lithuaniax7.4x5.8
   Luxembourg-Pro18.7-Pro9.0
   MaltaxPro7.1xPro4.1
   Netherlands-Pro14.9xPro9.2
   Polandx-x-
   Portugal2.3Pro9.81.2Pro7.9
   Romaniax3.6x2.0
   Slovakiax6.4x5.1
   SloveniaxPro14.4xPro8.1
   Spains3.39.0s1.85.5
   SwedenxPro17.2xPro13.3
   United Kingdom10.6Pro12.64.9Pro8.8
Icelandx16.5x11.2
Norwayx15.9x11.5
Switzerland┴--x-
Sources/Entities: Eurostat | OECD | National Entities, Eurostat | NSI, PORDATA
Last updated: 2018-07-20
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