Unemployment rate: total and by highest level of education completed (%)

Indicator

2020

6.8

1998

┴4.9

Operations

Rate - %

Years	Level of schooling
Years	Total	None	Compulsory schooling	Upper-secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary	Higher
1998	┴4.9	┴2.6	┴5.1	┴6.9	┴3.4
1999	4.4	2.4	4.5	5.6	3.7
2000	3.9	1.7	4.2	4.6	3.1
2001	4.0	2.2	4.2	4.6	3.4
2002	5.0	2.6	5.2	5.4	4.9
2003	6.3	3.3	6.5	6.9	5.9
2004	6.6	3.6	7.1	6.9	5.2
2005	7.6	4.5	8.0	8.0	6.2
2006	7.6	5.6	7.9	8.4	6.3
2007	8.0	5.0	8.3	8.1	7.4
2008	7.6	5.3	7.8	7.8	6.8
2009	9.4	6.5	10.3	9.6	6.4
2010	10.8	8.9	11.7	11.4	7.0
2011	┴12.7	┴11.6	┴13.7	┴13.4	┴9.0
2012	15.5	14.4	16.1	17.6	11.6
2013	16.2	17.3	17.0	17.4	12.6
2014	13.9	13.9	15.0	15.3	10.0
2015	12.4	13.2	13.2	13.9	9.2
2016	11.1	13.1	11.8	12.2	8.4
2017	8.9	11.0	9.5	9.9	6.5
2018	7.0	8.1	7.1	8.2	5.4
2019	6.5	9.1	6.6	7.2	5.3
2020	6.8	-	6.4	8.4	5.8

Sources/Entities: INE, PORDATA
Last updated: 2021-02-11

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